At present, high-efficiency and energy-saving solar greenhouses have been rapidly developed. With the continuous advancement of energy-saving solar greenhouse technology and the gradual improvement of people’s living standards, melons have moved from the open ground to the high-end greenhouses to become anti-season best-selling high-grade fruit products, with significant social and economic benefits. In 1999, Jiuquan City of Gansu Province introduced organic ecological soilless culture technology from the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It was applied to greenhouse melon production. The average yield reached 3372 kg/667 square meters, which was a success. It promoted organic ecological types for Jiuquan. Soil cultivation techniques have overcome the obstacles to soil cultivation and laid the foundation for the production of green food vegetables. First, the organic ecological soilless cultivation facilities 1. Cultivation trough cultivation trough is made of standard red brick 24cm12cm5cm, diameter 48cm, height 15-20cm, trough length depending on the shed. In order to make the temperature of the substrate in the cultivation tank more suitable for the needs of crop root growth, it is recommended to use a semi-underground cultivation tank (digging 5-10cm deep groove on the ground, bordering 2-3 layers of bricks), with a slot distance of 60cm, extended north and south ,Lower in height from the south to the north, with a “U” groove 20cm wide and 10cm deep in the middle of the bottom of the tank. A 0.1-0.5mm thick polyethylene film is laid on the bottom of the tank and the four-walled walkway to separate the soil and prevent pests from intruding. . The film on the side of the tank is pressed under the first brick in the upper layer. The rough stone sand with a thickness of 3-5Em after being exposed for 1 day is first installed in the tank to facilitate drainage, and a 1-2 layer clean woven bag is laid on the tank to prevent the roots of the crop from extending into the drainage layer. After installing the tank, install the drainage and irrigation system. 2. Cultivation matrix The organic matrix can be selected from mushroom slag, cottonseed husk, sawdust, corn stalk, corn cob, sunflower stalk, distiller's grains, etc. The inorganic matrix includes river sand, slag, perlite and so on. The organic matrix was mixed and mixed with inorganic matrix according to a certain ratio after high-temperature fermentation and disinfection. Jiuquan City adopted mushroom slag: distiller's grains: river sand = 3:2:5 ratio, and the mixed matrix added 10kg sterilized chicken manure + 3kg cake fertilizer per cubic meter. 2kg special fertilizer + 1.5kg steadily high 301 active fertilizer, doubly filled after the tank, the matrix is ​​filled with appropriate. After each crop was harvested, the substrate was disinfected and the substrate was used for 3-5 years (specialized fertilizer was developed by the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences). 3. Irrigation facilities Water storage facilities or reservoirs with 1.5m high water heads. Two drip irrigation pipes (manufactured by Beijing Luyuan Company) were placed in the tank, and a 70 cm wide plastic film was overlaid. Second, the organic ecological soilless cultivation of seedlings 1. Variety selection Use low temperature, low light, high humidity, early maturing and high yield, disease resistant varieties. Jiuquan City selected "Elizabeth" varieties. 2. Seed soaking and germination The selected seeds are dried in the sun for 3-4 hours. Pour 52-55°C warm water, which is equivalent to 3 times the seed volume, into the container containing the seeds. Stir the mixture until the water temperature drops to 30°C. -8h, then wash clean, drain to the water, into a small pocket suspended into a thermostatic flask 28-30 °C (not to be immersed in water), budding day and night, neat and consistent. 3. Seeding and Management Seeds are seeded in 50-well plug trays for artificial soilless plug seedlings. Seed sowing depth is 1 cm. Water is poured obliquely into the substrate. A layer of newspaper is placed on top and a layer of plastic film is laid on the plug. Or the shed film is separated from the soil, and the perimeter uses insect nets to make a small shed, and the temperature of the substrate is kept at 28-30°C after sowing. When about 50% emerged, remove the newspaper and keep the temperature at 22-28°C during the day and 15-17°C at night. Keep the substrate dry and wet. Third, the organic ecology of soilless cultivation management 1. Before planting ready to prepare the cultivation system in advance two weeks, with well water or tap water through the substrate, covered with a layer of plastic film, finishing greenhouses, each vent set 40 mesh insect net, and use 1% of KMn04 spraying frame, walls, closed greenhouses high temperature stuffy shed. 2. The colonization can be planted about 20 days after sowing. The seedlings are planted with no disease and pests, and the seedlings of the same size are used. The plants are planted with two rows of dislocations. The distance between the plants is 35em and the diameter of the plant base is kept at about 10cm from the same part of the cultivation tank. The substrate is slightly higher than the seedlings. It is appropriate. 3. Management after planting (1) Temperature, light management temperature and light are the key to the success or failure of melon planting. When the temperature drops below 13°C for a period of time, the growth will stagnate. Less than 8 hours of light per day, only flowering is not strong. So after melons are colonized, they try to take measures to increase the temperature and increase the light. After planting, the temperature should be maintained at 22-28°C during the day, and the night temperature should be 12-16°C to promote root prostration. As a result, the temperature in the early stage is 25-30°C and the night temperature is 13-18°C; the night temperature in the late stage is reduced to 10-14°C. Increase the temperature difference between day and night as much as possible to increase nutrient accumulation. Melon is a very happy crop. Under the premise of not affecting normal growth, curtains should be opened early and curtains should be covered in the evening to extend the lighting time. At the same time, the back wall should be painted white or gray to enhance the light. (2) Fertilizer and Water Management: Watering should follow the water requirement and weather conditions of the crop growth and development. General watering depends on the weather conditions at 9:00 a.m., watering on sunny days, no pouring or little pouring on cloudy days, and the water temperature is kept above 13°C. Pour water 1 time after planting 5d, 10-15min is appropriate, strictly control plant leggy; flowering set fruit every day or every other day at 10:00 watering 15-20rain, sunny 14:00 pm pouring 1 time, 10-15min; Reduce water volume 10 days before harvest. Top dressing began 20 days after planting, and then every 15 days after fertilization 1 times, every time before sitting cucumbers chase 15g special fertilizer, after sitting melon changed 10d chase 1 time, each plant chase after special fertilizer 25g, before harvesting 1 Stop top dressing monthly. Fertilizers are evenly incorporated into the substrate and cannot be in direct contact with the roots to avoid damage to the plants through fertilizer damage. After the planting, the foliar fertilizer used in our city was fermented with sprayed foliar fertilizer. The spray was sprayed once every 10 days and sprayed on the back of leaves. In order to enhance photosynthetic efficiency and improve the quality of melons, the C02 gas and fertilizers were added before the flowering period to the first half of harvest, and were released after sunny sunrise in the morning and at room temperature of 15-32°C before the release of the wind (fertilization for 2 h is appropriate, 0.5 h later. ventilation). Cloudy, room temperature is lower than 15°C or higher than 32°C, CO2 gas fertilizer should not be used to prevent poisoning of CO2 gas and aging of leaves. (3) Plant adjustment and pollination: "Elizabeth" uses single vine pruning, all the lateral branches below the main vine are removed, and the first guava is left in the side branch between 8-13, and the leaves of the strong growing nectar leave 1 leaf. Go to the top. The weak leaves of the melon leave 2-3 leaves to the top, and the side branches between the 13-18 stanzas are all removed. The left side branches of the 19-21 stanzas are reserved for the 2nd melon. The plants with strong growth are left 3-4. Leaves to the top. The weak leaves of melon leave 5-6 leaves before the top, after 21 branches all removed, the main vine 27-30 leaves topping. Greenhouse planting of melon is generally artificially assisted pollination or auxin treatment, and conditional use of bumblebee pollination is available. Jiuquan City used artificial fruit preparations developed by the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to carry out artificially assisted pollination. (4) Pest control: At present, the prevention and control of pests and diseases is based on the principle of ecological control, supplemented by other prevention and control. The city mainly adopts physical control, supplemented by chemical control. All vents are equipped with 40-mesh insect nets. Every 10m in the room is hung with a 0.5-square-meter yellow slat, coated with oil glue, and trapped and killed pests such as aphids and white planthoppers. Melons are mainly damaged by powdery mildew. Oxygen and other biological agents have obvious control effects. (5) Harvesting: timely harvesting can guarantee the quality of melons and strive for high yields. Generally, the maturity of melons is judged by the number of days of fruit development. The method is simple and easy to operate. It can be clearly seen by placing a dated brand on the guava handles. .