Thinning and renewing and thinning orchards: In recent years, mango orchards have been mostly cultivated in low density. After 6-8 years of plant production, the result of heavy load and repeated shearing increases the proportion of large branches inside the tree crown. As a result, tree consumption is increased. Weak growth; or due to poor control of the tree crown, excessive expansion and occurrence of canopy closure, resulting in insufficient light, resulting in decreased yield. At this point, the orchards must be properly thinned, leaving some trees to continue to expand and grow. After thinning, the orchard spacing increases, which improves the ventilation and light transmission of the orchard, and the yield and quality will be correspondingly improved.
The retraction is updated to ensure that the orchards have a certain amount of production in the year, and the closed or old orchards can be renewed and renewed year by year, that is, the first year is to cut back half of the plants at intervals and the second year to leave the untrimmed plants back. Indented update. When retracting and renewing, depending on the degree of canopy closure and aging of the tree, it is retracted to the main branch or lateral branch. The retraction of the main branch or large lateral branch is generally 30 to 60 cm from the main trunk, and a short cut of the main branch with a diameter of 5 cm is selected to re-form the crown. Under well-managed conditions, plants can be recovered within a year, and fruit can be produced in the following year or the third year. The plant to be updated begins the results and the remaining plants are updated by this method.
Rotational updates on the same tree for the 3-4-year-old branch retraction, in the update process can still maintain a certain amount of production. The update time can be performed in spring and autumn. After three years of planting, the east and north sides of the canopy were retracted to allow the branches in the west and south to continue to produce results; after one year, after the branches in the north and east were normally fruited, the branches in the west and south were retracted. cut. Such a cycle will ensure that there is enough room between the plants and the rows to maintain the normal results of the orchard. The short cut of the tree is better in spring, but it can also be combined with pruning after fruit picking. The best choice for a short cut is sunny days. After a short cut, it is best to spray or coat the fungicides at the cut-off. Before the short cut, loosen the soil around the plant's root ring and apply enough base fertilizer so that the plant has sufficient nutrients for shoot growth after the shoots are budded and the canopy is quickly restored.
After the new branch of the main branch was further senescent, it was retracted on 2-4 branches (the main stem was grade 0, the main branch was grade one, and the side branch on the main branch increased by one grade per branch). Mango buds have long life and are easy to update. In order to prevent the branches from suffering sunburn after being pruned too much, it is best to circumcise or ligate the renewal cuts in the early spring to promote the regeneration of new shoots. Then, in the fall of August-September of the same year, the upper part of the renewal branch was sawn, the incision was closed with mud and a plastic film, and the branch was brushed white to prevent sunburn to facilitate wound healing. Use a spatula to cut off the roots corresponding to the canopy renewal area before the update or during the renewal, and apply organic fertilizer to the ditches. This update works well, and the tree vigor restores quickly.
Backbone Update Backbone Updates are used for old trees or tall trees that have not been reshaped or old in the past or need to be updated. Because the trunk is too high, the updated canopy remains inconvenient to manage and can be 50-80 centimeters in the trunk. Saw out, can also be achieved through the formation of a good new canopy to achieve the purpose of updating, the same way as the main branch update.
High-yielding and low-yield, poor-quality varieties and seedling trees can be improved by changing the quality of the varieties. Plants 5-7 years old, crowns within 3-4 meters, robust plants, direct grafting of 2-4 cm in diameter can be selected; large trees over 10 years old, with thick branches, large tree crowns, or plants with senescent insufficiency The tree can be budded or grafted when the new shoots sprout 2-3 stipules after truncating.
Cutting time can be performed in spring and autumn. The main trunk has a low variety, and retains 3-5 main branches, then cuts them short until they are drawn; each branch leaves 2-3 new shoots for grafting. The real-life trees are tall, with low stems, and are cut at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from the ground. Two to four new shoots are left on the trunk for grafting. Grafting can be budding or branching. Branching is best done from April to June. According to the experiment, the survival rate of budding from July to September in one year was as high as 88% to 95.8%. This period was more sunny, the weather turned dry, the temperature was suitable, it was conducive to the formation of callus, the buds healed well, and in March, budding, The survival rate is lower, 63.3%, due to more rainy days in spring, high relative humidity in air, high water content in trees, high humidity in grafted parts, excessive shoots, and low survival rate; in February, the temperature has not yet stabilized, the tree The fluid flow is weak and it is not conducive to grafting. After October, the temperature gradually decreases and it is not conducive to grafting. However, temperatures above 20°C can still be grafted. The scion can survive, but do not cut the anvil and untie the binding. Wait until the second year after the beginning of spring to cut. Anvil can still sprout robust shoots.
After the low-cut main stem is changed, the plant body is rich in nutrients due to its strong root system, and the canopy grows rapidly. In the spring of the year, the main tree was grafted with young shoots. In the spring of the year, some plants were expected to bloom, and the third year would be officially put into production. Therefore, the change of mango varieties is an effective way to transform low-yielding, low-quality, and declining mango gardens. .
No matter what kind of renewal method, after the trees are updated, they must be strengthened in management, organic fertilizer and available nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should be applied in time, and the soil should be kept moist to promote new sprouts. After the new shoots are fired, pest control is strengthened. Two or three appropriate buds are left near the cuts of each shoot to eliminate excessive shoots. After the new shoots are cooked, they are cut in time according to the requirements of plastic surgery, and the branches are promoted. Afterwards, the buds and toppings are repeatedly performed several times; the short cuts can restore the original appearance of the trees and the yield can also be restored.
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