Women are more prone to migraines due to estrogen fluctuations

According to a report by EurekAlert! of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) technology news sharing platform, a new study on rats showed that estrogen fluctuations affect brain cells. This result verifies the fact that women are more susceptible to migraine and are less responsive to treatment in reality.

Researchers at the University of Arizona Pharmacology Laboratory presented the results at the 2018 annual meeting of biochemistry and molecular biology held from the 21st to the 24th.

Of the 38 million migraine patients in the United States, 28 million are women. Developing research on the molecular mechanisms underlying migraine is the first step toward creating more targeted drugs to treat the disease.

The new study is the first to study the role of sodium proton exchanger NHE1 in migraine. NHE1 regulates the transport of protons and sodium ions through the cell membranes that comprise the blood-brain barrier. When the function of NHE1 is abnormal, it leads to an increase in pain signals, which can also directly change the ability of migraine drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Although women are more prone to migraines than men, most of the previous migraine studies were conducted using male animal models. In the new study, the researchers tested both male and female rats and found that the expression level of NHE1 in the brain of male rats was 4 times higher than that of females. In female rats, they observed that the highest estrogen levels correspond to the lowest levels of NHE1 expressed in endothelial cells that form blood vessels in the brain. This result led the team to believe that women are more prone to migraine headaches because larger estrogen fluctuations cause changes in NHE1 expression, making the brain more susceptible.

According to reports, this new achievement is part of the research team's creation of sex hormones that influence the NHE1 expression molecular map. In the future, researchers hope to see that, in the graph, the administration of drugs to certain participants can prevent the dysregulation of NHE1 expression. (Reporter Fang Linlin)

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