Anniversary cultivation technology of pollution-free spinach

Non-pollution, also known as safe vegetables or clean vegetables, refers to vegetables that contain pesticides, heavy metals, and nitrites in vegetable products within the permitted limits set by the state, and people will not cause harm to human health after eating. The pollution-free spinach cultivation technology emphasizes the use of production environment and the production of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and other production materials on the basis of producing spinach, and controls each environment that produces spinach pollution, so that spinach products are free from pollution and the production meets national regulations. Pollution-free spinach products, while using the cold and heat-resistant characteristics of spinach to cultivate in a timely manner in spring, autumn, and winter, in addition to cold-resistant or heat-resistant varieties of off-season cultivation, each season can also be sown to achieve the annual cultivation of spinach , Anniversary supply. The areas with large planting areas in Guanzhong, Shaanxi include Huxian and Zhouzhi in Xi'an, Wugong in Xianyang and Liyang (Yunyang, Anwu).

1 Origin environment

The soil quality of the base is suitable for organic vegetable garden soil. The sandy loam or clay loam with thick soil layer, fertile, and good air permeability is selected. The pH value is 5.5-7, which has better drainage and irrigation conditions. There are no industrial "three wastes", large livestock farms, hospitals and other pollution sources within 3km of the base. Atmospheric environmental quality, farmland irrigation water quality, and soil environmental quality meet the environmental quality standards of pollution-free agricultural production areas. The origin of spinach should be contiguous, and the previous crops should avoid spinach vegetables to improve the growth potential of spinach and reduce the incidence of disease.

2 Variety selection

In the annual pollution-free spinach cultivation, the principle of variety selection is better disease resistance, especially resistance to downy mildew. In addition, the appropriate variety should be selected according to the cultivation stubble. When planting spring spinach, you should choose a round-leaf type of spinach that is late to draw and has enlarged leaves. When planting summer spinach, choose varieties that have high heat resistance, rapid growth, bolting resistance, disease resistance, high yield and good quality. Greenhouse spinach is grown in heat-resistant varieties. For early autumn spinach, heat-resistant and germinating varieties such as all-around spinach should be selected. Generally autumn spinach does not simmer, so the choice of varieties is not very strict. For autumn and winter spinach, choose varieties that are resistant to bolting, strong in winter, and late in bolting. Overwintering spinach should be planted with varieties that are strong in winter, late in pumping, cold hardy, and productive.

3rd Anniversary Production Stubble Arrangement

Spring spinach is sown from early March to mid-April, and harvesting begins in early May. Summer spinach is sown from early June to July and harvested 50 days after sowing. Greenhouse spinach is sown from May to July and harvested from June to August. Early autumn spinach is sown from mid to late August to early September and harvested from mid to late October to November. Autumn spinach is sown in mid-late September and harvested before the Spring Festival. Autumn and winter spinach is sown in early October and harvested from early February to mid April of the following year. Overwintering spinach is sown in mid-to-late October and harvested from early March to late April. Through reasonable stubble arrangements, the annual production of spinach can be realized and the economic benefits can be maximized.

4 Seed sowing treatment

The spinach fruit has a thick peel, water and air are not easy to enter, and dry seeds are seeded slowly and unevenly. Spinach and early autumn spinach sown in high temperature season, soak the seeds in cold water for 10-12 hours, germinate at 15-20 ° C, and germinate in 3-4 days. In order to prevent pathogenic bacteria from appearing on the surface of the peel, seeds can be soaked in 1% potassium permanganate or 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 15-20 minutes, washed with water and then subjected to germination treatment.

5 seeding

Before sowing, use 4000-5000kg of high-quality farm manure and 30-40kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer per acre. After fertilizing, turn the rake deep, let the fertilizer mix with the soil, and rake it flat. Water the bottom water before sowing, then use different row spacing to open the ditch according to different seasons, and evenly sown in the ditch, covering the soil with a thickness of 2-3cm. The acres of imported seeds are about 2kg, and the acres of domestic seeds are 4-5kg.

6 Water and fertilizer management

Spinach uses leaves as edible organs, grows vigorously, requires a large amount of water and fertilizer, and often keeps the soil moist. Before the seedlings are sealed, they are irrigated with 20 kg of urea per acre.

7 pollution-free control of downy mildew

In accordance with the plant protection policy of "prevention-oriented, comprehensive control", adhere to the principle of harmless prevention and control "emphasis on agricultural control, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical control".

The main disease of spinach is downy mildew, which is a fungal disease. The humidity is high, and the disease is more serious when the cultivation is too dense. Shaanxi Guanzhong mainly occurs in spring and autumn. It mainly harms the leaves. The edge of the lesion is not obvious. The front of the lesion is pale yellow or pale, and the back is gray-white at first, and then becomes purple-gray mold layer. The leaves rot when the humidity is high, and the diseased leaves wither yellow when dry. Fungal spores overwinter in diseased leaves and spread by air currents, currents, and agricultural activities.

Select disease-resistant varieties with resistance to downy mildew of grade 7 or above, and select plots with loose soil and good drainage that have not been planted with spinach. Choose good seeds with full grains and no germs. When planting, master the amount of planting, moderately sparse planting, and ensure ventilation and light transmission in the field. Ensure the supply of water and fertilizer, cultivate strong seedlings, enhance the disease prevention and disease resistance of plants, and reduce the probability of disease occurrence. Remove yellow plants in time. Once downy mildew occurs, you should choose a low-toxic and low-residue pesticide 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 500 times liquid according to the severity of the disease, every 7-10 days Spray once, can spray 2-3 times continuously.

8 timely harvest

When the plants reach 20-25cm in height, they can be harvested and marketed. Cut up along the ground with a sickle, remove the roots, and list in bulk or bundle.

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