Spring temperature rises, fruit tree roots begin to move, sap rises, and flower buds further differentiate and enrich, which is an important period of management. Therefore, we must do a good job of spring management of fruit trees. For the apple tree, we should focus on the following items.
Carved buds are important for young apple trees, especially long-branch varieties. The key to successful trunk or spindle reshaping is to engraving buds. A branch can form short branches only if it has more branches, and short branches are the basis for flower bud formation. Long shoots form long branches, which inhibits flower bud formation and promotes thickening of the branch axis, which is an unfavorable factor for flower formation.
There are four methods for engraving buds. One is ring-cut engraving, which is 20 cm apart on the branches. Use a ring cutter to cut a circle. The incision is before the dorsal bud or after the bud on the back. As you reach the tops of the branches, you must cut the rings lighter to prevent branching. The second is to promote germination type multi-directional engraving buds, that is, using a small hacksaw blade, on the annual branch, mainly on both sides of the buds, engraved 0.3 cm before the buds to promote their germination. The third is directional positioning of buds. When one side lacks branches or trunks and branches need to be germinated at a certain location, the buds can be carved at ideal locations. The fourth is the weakened engraved bud, that is, a small hacksaw is used to cut the bud from the back of the bud by 0.5 cm, which can inhibit the bud from germinating. It is generally used for back buds. It has also weakened the growth potential of overgrown branches and cut-back injuries. In order to release wall bees for pollination, paper tubes and beehives must be prepared, and the number of releases per acre is 100. Make sure there is mud in the pit. The wall bee should be placed in the orchard 2-3 days before flowering, and the hive should be recovered 10 days after flowering. Conditions can also release bees. When the pollination tree blooms less, some pollination flower branches can be collected, stored in small buckets, and hung on the main planting species. During the flowering period, a towel stick (made with a white towel wrapped around a bamboo pole) can be used to roll the pollen method or pollen can be mixed with starch at a ratio of 1: 1 and packed in a cloth bag. The most direct and effective method is manual spotting (which can be made in batches, and the dried pollen produced is valid for two days), and the spot blooming flower has the best effect. Flowers with stigma discoloration, petals falling off, and anthers shrinking have poor results. Excess pollen can also be formulated as a suspension for spraying. The method is to mix the pollen into a mother liquor, add 5% brown sugar, 0.1% borax, 0.2% urea in the sprayer, and finally add the pollen mother liquor, at 10 am Spray before 5pm. Note: Do not spray insecticides that are toxic to pollinating insects from 10 days before the flowering period to the entire flowering period.
When the amount of sparse flowers and sparse fruits is sufficient, the weak flowers, axillary flower buds, and excessively dense flowers can be removed first. The thinning of the fruit should be determined according to the fertilizer and water management conditions, the amount of flowers and the requirements on the quality of the fruit. When the fertilizer and water conditions are good, the retained fruit can be slightly more. The yield per mu is controlled at 2000-3000 kg. Varieties with high fruit setting rate and early flowering varieties can be thinned early. Varieties with fruit drop after flowering, such as red star, can be thinned late. When thinning the fruit, first remove the deformed fruit, small fruit, round fruit, fruit without fruit leaf, axillary flower buds, and fruit with disease and insect injury. For large and medium-sized fruits, only one fruit per fruit stand is required. Each fruit must have 40-50 leaves to provide nutrition, and the distance between the fruits must be more than 25 cm. Small fruit can hold single fruit or double fruit per fruit stand, and 30 nutrient leaves must be left for each fruit. Try to leave the drooping fruit as much as possible to increase the fruit shape index.
If there are frostbite spots or scars on the bridging trunk, you should bridge as early as possible in early April. In order to prevent the interface from being infected, you can use 5081 liquid of 9281 and clay and mud to paste at the interface, and then use plastic film to bandage.
Special attention should be paid to wiping off buds, buds at the base, and improper buds at the cutting edges.
Film bags can be used to prepare fruit bags for the production of low- and medium-grade fruits. Paper bags can also be prepared for the production of high-grade fruits. Film and paper bagging methods can also be used.
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