Organic fertilizers can enhance soil fertility and play an important role in increasing production. However, the composition of organic fertilizer is complex, and fertilization must be mastered. Several key points of applying organic fertilizer are now sorted out for growers to compare.
1. Fertilizers should be used in a reasonable combination
Organic fertilizers such as straws, pigstyling manure, green manure, etc., have high cellulose (ie carbon) content and low nitrogen content. If the amount of this fertilizer is too large, it is easy to cause crops to lack nitrogen in the early stage and stiff seedlings will not develop. The reason that rice straws must be combined with ammonium bicarbonate to supplement nitrogen.
The correct method is: the more organic fertilizer is applied to the crop, the better. Generally, 1000~1500 kg of arable fertilizer or 1000~1500 kg of green manure should be applied per acre, and an appropriate amount of ammonium bicarbonate or urea should be added during application to adjust its carbon-nitrogen ratio. Meet the needs of microorganisms and prevent the phenomenon of microorganisms competing with crops for nitrogen.
2. It is not advisable to concentrate or apply too much
Especially when fertilizing dryland crops, if organic fertilizer is directly applied between rows or near the roots of crops, due to the small water holding capacity of dry soil, the temporary concentration around the roots will be too high. After the roots touch the fertilizer pile, the physiological loss of crops will be caused and the reaction will be reversed. The phenomenon of osmosis causes poor growth of crops or wilting and loss of water and dead seedlings.
The correct method is to mix organic fertilizer evenly into the soil and blend with the soil. When applying organic fertilizer during the growth period, it should be applied in a trench or in a hole. After applying it, cover the soil and never spread it on the ground.
3. Organic fertilizer should be applied after fully decomposed
Some animal manures such as pig and cattle pen manure and human manure are directly applied to the soil without being fermented and decomposed. These undecomposed organic fertilizers are decomposed and fermented by microorganisms in the soil. The ammonia gas produced can easily cause crop root burning and poisoning, and some It can also grow weeds and spread diseases and insect pests.
The correct method is: it should be fully fermented and applied, and the method of building manure storage tanks on the field side should be advocated, or the compost should be piled up and humidified with water and sealed with soil to make the temperature reach 35℃~50℃. Fermentation can be completed within 60~120 days; or the manure can be fully fermented at 50℃~70℃ by high temperature composting method, which can kill the eggs and weed seeds inside. It is safer and more effective to apply after 40~60 days.
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