In winter, apple trees enter a dormant period. At this time, the pathogenic bacteria and pests on the apple tree are lurking in the litter, in the weeds, under the tree trunk, under the bark or branches, and dormant overwintering. The overwintering position is relatively fixed, which is to reduce pathogenic bacteria and insect sources and effectively suppress pests in the following year. A good time for the degree of occurrence. Fruit farmers can take the following technical measures according to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in their orchard this year:
1. Thoroughly remove dead branches, fallen leaves and discarded fruit bags. After the apple trees have fallen leaves, thoroughly clean up the orchard, and put all the litter, weeds, diseased branches, fallen fruits, discarded fruit bags, fruit discarded bins, discarded wood piles, discarded fertilizer bags, etc., that may provide overwintering places for codling moths and other pests and diseases. Objects, buried deep or burnt, can eliminate a large number of hidden sources of overwintering pests.
2. Cut off diseased branches and diseased fruits. Combining fruit tree pruning work, cutting off the diseased fruits, diseased branches and infected buds of fruit trees can effectively reduce overwintering pests such as anthracnose, leaf roller, powdery mildew and so on. Pruning work to avoid the freezing damage caused by the cold winter to the pruning wound, choose to pruning in sunny weather and avoid wet (fog, snow, rain) weather. Note that pruning tools should be disinfected in time. Before pruning the tree, spray disinfectant to disinfect the surface of the tools. The saw cut should be protected with medicament in time, which can be coated with methionine or bacteriocin.
3. Scrape the bark. Using the time between dormancy of the fruit tree in winter and before germination in early spring, scrape off the rough bark and curled bark below the main branches of the fruit tree, which can eliminate the old mature larvae of codling moth, the old mature larva of pear heartworm, and the larva of small leaf roller moth that conceal the winter. , Hawthorn red spider fertilized female mites and two-spotted spider mites fertilized female mites and other overwintering insect sources, and can detect apple tree rot disease, branch ring disease, dry rot and other branch diseases.
4. Turn the soil deeply. After cleaning the orchard and before the soil is frozen, turn the canopy around the fruit tree 20 to 30 cm deep, and irrigate after deep turning to change the environmental conditions of the soil and destroy the wintering place of pests. It can reduce the source of insects that overwinter in the soil such as peach small borer, paramecium, and beetle.
5. The branches are painted white. After the fruit trees have fallen leaves and before the soil is frozen, whiten the trunk and branches of the apple tree with lime whitening agent. The whitening height is generally 60~80 cm. The preparation ratio of whitening agent is generally: 10 parts quicklime, 3~4 parts lime sulfur mixture (or 1 part sulfur powder), 2 parts salt, 40 parts water, a small amount of vegetable oil, and stir well.
6. Spray the medicament. During the dormant period of the apple tree, spray 5% mineral oil emulsion or 5 Baume lime sulfur mixture for 1 to 2 times to treat apple yellow aphid eggs, apple panonychus eggs and scale insect larvae that overwinter on apple tree branches. Has a very good effect.
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