1. Seed Disinfection: Initiate vegetables, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, eggs often mixed or lurking in the seeds, take the opportunity to plant vegetable seedlings, nursery machine to infiltrate the vegetable field, germinate in the process of seed germination, emergence, growth (incubation) , breeding and causing harm. Therefore, vegetable farmers must seriously disinfect the seeds. There are many methods for disinfecting vegetable seeds. There are many kinds of chemical disinfection methods, such as soaking in liquid medicine and dipping and dressing of medicinal materials; physical disinfection methods such as soaking in warm water, hot boiling in boiling water, and dry heat treatment. The chemical disinfection method has good effects on prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insect pests, but it is likely to cause pesticide residues, especially for those vegetables that eat buds and eat seedlings. Therefore, the number of physical methods is the preferred method of safe disinfection. (1) Dry heat treatment disinfection: The moisture content of the seed is first reduced to below 10% by wind force and sunlight, and then placed at a high temperature of 65-70°C for 72 hours. Then soak, germinate, and sow by conventional methods. (2) boiling hot water, cold water flush: Prepare a suitable amount of boiling water, the sun dried and wrapped in gauze wrapped seeds into the water, and immediately remove it and wash it with cold water to cool. Then put it into boiling water, and then take it out and rinse it with cold water until cool. After repeated hot flushing for 3-4 times, soaking and germination with conventional methods. (3) Hot water soaking and disinfection: The seeds are first placed in a constant temperature hot water at 50°C and stirred for 15 minutes. Then let it cool naturally and soak at its natural temperature for 6-12 hours. (4) Soak the seed with warm water of 20-30°C for 5-6 hours, and then mix and scald with 60 times of hot water with 5 times the seed temperature. When the water temperature drops below 30°C, stop stirring, then soak for 15 minutes. . The scientific application of the above physical sterilization methods is not only simple and convenient, but also saves investment. It can effectively prevent and cure diseases such as epidemic diseases, downy mildew, wilt disease, sclerotinia, anthrax, scab, and gray mold in vegetables. The vegetables are not contaminated, "let people who grow vegetables feel at ease, and those who eat vegetables feel at ease." 2, by defensive disease prevention: disease, blight is cucumber, Xi melon from seedlings to adult plants most susceptible to soil-borne diseases. The incidence is generally above 10%. In severe cases, the seedlings that become ridged and wilted will wilt, or even die in large areas, causing serious economic losses to the vegetable growers. In order to seek scientific methods to prevent and control these two diseases, horticultural scientists are studying comprehensive management techniques such as breeding, seed disinfection, clean gardens, scientific fertilization, and drug control, and at the same time have a strong affinity for cucumbers and melons. The artificial inoculation test was conducted on the crops to find out the mysteries of high disease resistance and fusarium wilt of pumpkins, and then the “borrowing and disease prevention” techniques using Yunnan black-skin squash seedlings as rootstocks and grafting roots of cucumbers and melons were successfully obtained. Disease prevention and disease resistance have little effect on quality, and can greatly increase the rate of seedling production and increase yield and income. The main methods are: (1) budding: first sowing black seed pumpkin seeds root seedlings. 5-6 days after the broadcast of cucumber, seedlings of the West melon seedlings panicle seedlings. When the scion seedling leaves from yellow to green, grafting begins. The specific steps are: 1 Cut the true leaves of the rootstock, and chamfer 2/5 from the top of the stem 1 cm from the cotyledon. 2 Remove the scion roots, and taper them from the root neck to the lower 0.5-1 cm of the ion leaf. 3 The scion seedling is inserted into the anvil incision and the incision of the rootstock is in close contact with the scion wedge portion. 4 Wrap the wound with a 1 cm wide, appropriate length plastic film and secure it with paper clips. Then moved into a small shed without sunshine, and moisturized under warm conditions of 20-30°C. Gradually see the light five days later, let the wind practice seedlings. After 15 days, the shed was demolished and conventional seedlings were managed. (2) Reliance on: first sowing cucumber, seedlings of pansy seedlings. After 4-5 days, black seed pumpkin rootstock seedlings are sown in the nutrition bowl. The grafting began when the first true leaf of the scion seedling was unfolded. The method is: (1) Cut the true leaves and growing points (retaining the cotyledons) of the rootstock seedlings, chamfering 1/2 with a blade at a 40-degree angle down 1 cm below the leaves. 2 Scioning seedlings were picked, and the upper part of the stems of the seedlings were chamfered 2/3 to the cotyledon about 1.5 cm upward at a 40 degree angle. 3 Bring the two incisions of the scion and rootstock back together. 4 Wrap the wound with a plastic film of 1 cm width and suitable length and fix it with paper clips. Finally, put the cucumber root on the nutrient bowl and move it into a small arched bed and moisten it with moist soil. Wet water management for 10-15 days. When the interface is healed, cut it off. Scion seedlings hypocotyl, and then remove the sheds under conventional nursery management. (3) Plugging: The scion and rootstock should be cultivated according to the methods of cultivating and rootstock seedlings. When grafting, the top of the rootstock seedlings was removed, and 0.5cm was inserted into the stem diagonally from the top of the heart with a bamboo stick. Then the scion seedlings were cut from the cotyledon 1.5-2 cm below the embryonic axis and cut into 0.5 cm long wedges inserted into the rootstock. Into the interface (note that the scion is aligned with the cotyledons of the rootstock as much as possible). Then use a plastic film strap to fix it. Move to a small greenhouse greenhouse culture with room temperature of 20°C and humidity of 90%. After one week, the cover film was peeled off and transplanted 20-25 days later.

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