Key points of warm pit cultivation techniques for watermelon melon buds
The growth of roots in the seedling stage of early harvest in the north of China was greatly influenced by the soil temperature in early spring. The soil temperature was low, the roots of the seedlings grew slowly, the roots were small, and the emergence of seedlings was slow, which seriously affected the growth of the vegetative bodies above the shoots, resulting in seedling quality. Poor, low seedling rate. To this end, nurturing strong seedlings has become an important research topic. Through experiments, adopting the technique of classifying and selecting large bud seedlings for warm pit cultivation can effectively promote seedling growth, Miao Qi, and Miao Zhuang, so that the fruit set-up period will catch up before the rainy season, increase the rate of sat collection and advance the listing of commodities, and increase economic income.
First, the advantages of this technology
1. The technology is that the buds with the same level of growth are planted at the same time and the seedlings are of different size and unevenness. Therefore, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuang and Miao Quan can be achieved.
2. The roots of the large bud seedlings can basically reach 17-22. After the planting, the seedlings will not be slowed. Therefore, the rate of seedling emergence is high, and the rate of segregation is high, which increases the yield and efficiency.
3. Because of the high rate of seedlings in the large-budget seedlings, the seeds can be saved and the cost is low. Especially for early catching varieties such as: Qingnong No. 3, small gifts watermelon black age children, green age children, flower age children, Huang Lingtong, Prince Charming and the higher price Qingfa seedless one, Qingfa seedless On the 2nd, Qingfa No Seed No. 3, Qing melon and other varieties, can show a clear advantage.
4. The seedbed management is centralized, which facilitates intensive production and management. The method is simple and easy, saves labor and saves time.
5, large buds warm nursery planting can effectively promote the growth rate of seedlings, shorten the time of nursery, you can grab 15-20 days early.
Second, the cultivation of large sprouts
1, germination
The seeds to be sowed are soaked in cold water at room temperature (22-25°C) for 4 hours (8-12 hours for watermelon). After soaking, the mucus and moisture on the surface of the seeds are removed, and the seeds are laid flat after soaking. A little wrung wet towel, so that the surface of the seed does not form a water film affect the degree of ventilation. The thickness of the tiled seed should not exceed 1.0 cm, then be covered with a wet towel that has been wetted slightly and wrung out, and placed at a constant temperature of 30-33°C to germinate. The maximum must not exceed 35°C. After 24-36 hours, no more than 48 hours is the end of germination. The germination standard is preferably luster.
2, the choice of materials
(1) Containers: Plastic flat-bottomed rice trays or other containers with water permeability can be used. Specifications are 60cm40cm8cm or 60cm40cm5cm. The plate contains pure sand. It is best to use a yellow rice-like medium size sand.
(2) Seeds: You can use Qingfa No Seed No.1, Qingfa No Seed No.2, Qingfa No Seed No.3, Qingnong No.3, Black Age Infant, Green Age Child, Qingtian Melon, Prince Charming, etc. The needs of melon farmers vary. However, the triploid seedless watermelon is thick because of the seed coat, and it is difficult to absorb water. When germinating, the seed must be picked. The temperature and germination time of the triploid seedless watermelon should be determined according to the germination method of the seedless watermelon.
3, management technology
The germinated seeds were placed on a sandbag in a sand pan, and then the seed was covered with a layer of 1.0 cm thick sand. After the sowing, the sand tray is often watered. Once every 3-4 days, water is poured to maintain the humidity. The temperature is required to be 28-30°C during the daytime, and not more than 35°C during the day and not less than 18-20°C during the night. The Daqing area is generally planted on May 1st, and it takes about 5 days for the emergence, and the selection of buds will be planted 7-10 days after emergence. The time is around May 12-15.
The budding seedlings in the sand table are prone to defertilization. Therefore, 0.2% DAP or KH2O must be poured 5-7 days after emergence, and can be poured after 5-7 days. When it was planted in the field, it caused weak seedlings due to defertilization.
4, graded shoots and colonization
According to the size of the seedlings and the amount of roots, the root coefficient was graded from 17 to 22, 10 to 10, and less than 10 to grade 3. After grading, the shoots were planted in different grades according to different grades. The best time for planting bud seedlings is to be carried out before 10 o'clock in the morning and 3 o'clock in the afternoon in the absence of wind and warm sunny days. At this time, the colonized buds are easy to survive. The work of planting large sprouts is best done in 3-4 days.
Third, the large bud seedling warm pit planting method
The order of the large bud seedlings warm pit cultivation is: first planing pits - planting - irrigating - coating.
1, 5-6cm space should be set aside from the bottom of the pit to prevent burning seedlings. Due to the low soil temperature below 5-6cm in early spring, it is not conducive to the growth of roots of the shoots and affects the hairy roots. Once the cold roots are formed, the melon seedling grows slowly and weakly, losing the significance of the early cultivation of large buds. The slow root growth and weak viability make it easy for pathogens to infect and cause damping-off, seedling blight, and later disease at the seedling stage.
2. The diameter of the warm pit is 12cm. When planting, the hypocotyls should be exposed to 1.5cm of soil surface, especially the petiole of the cotyledon is buried. After the soil is watered, the soil moisture in the roots or pits will increase, the degree of soil compaction in the pit will increase, and the rhizosphere soil will pass through. Permeability is reduced, and after the temperature rises, it is susceptible to rot bacteria infestation, which leads to rot and hypocotyl decay and cotyledon rot, resulting in lack of seedlings or emptying or affecting vegetative growth and later reproductive growth.
3. It is very important to keep water in warm pits. Therefore, after the bud seedlings are planted, the pits must be irrigated with water, and the watering can be combined with disease prevention. The mixture can be sprayed with 500-600 times of the liquids of Kedexon and thiophanate-methyl, and the membranes should be immediately covered with water. In order to prevent the water in the soil from being drained by the wind and prevent the loss of the water of the shoots themselves, the buds will die.
4. When planting, the sprout roots must stand upright and stretch. If the soil is heavy in early spring and the ground temperature is low, the roots of the shoots can be planted diagonally, that is, the lateral roots can be stretched.
5, 4-5 days after colonization of bud seedlings should be timely ventilation and hardening seedlings. The degree of ventilation and hardening depends on the natural (ie, atmospheric temperature) temperature. When the temperature of the natural environment stabilizes at 12°C, a small amount of ventilation is required to start the seedlings. The method is to drill 2-3 1.0cm holes above the warm pitted seedlings. With the increase of temperature, it is necessary to continuously increase the amount of ventilation to adjust the seedlings. When the natural temperature stabilizes at 14-15°C, the final frost has passed through the membrane to seal the pit.
6, after the rupture of the film to seal the pit and sealed. Due to the rupture of the membrane, there will be a phenomenon of mutual ventilation. After being ventilated to each other, evaporation of water in the pit increases, the evaporation rate increases, and it is easy to cause water shortage in seedlings. After the final frost period, the pit should be noted for the soil moisture in the pit and then sealed after watering. When sealing the pit, the hypocotyl must be exposed 1.0 cm above the soil surface, otherwise it will cause seedling root disease, and it will affect the normal growth. In the spring breeze area, the large plant spacing is covered with plastic film. It is best to use soil pressure at the spacing between the plants to prevent the mulching of the film due to mutual ventilation and injury of the seedling leaves or burning of the seedlings due to the high local temperature after ventilation.
7. Immediately after the membrane is sealed, a fungicide should be sprayed to prevent root and leaf diseases. Afterwards, management will be normal.
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