The "rich" persimmon is favored for its natural decolouring, good taste and high efficiency in the trees, but the problem of "rich" persimmon fruit drop has been affecting the increase of its yield, which generally leads to a reduction of 20% to 70%. To this end, a systematic study was conducted on the causes of the "rich" persimmon fruit drop and its prevention and control techniques. The following conclusions were drawn for the reference of the "rich" persimmon growers:
First, the reasons for the fruit drop
1. Natural fruit drop habits. The “rich†persimmon has natural fruit-drop habits, and the fruit drop has two peaks. The first time is about 10 days after flowering, and the second time is July-August.
2. The tree is too busy. The “rich†persimmon’s vigorous growth is caused by two factors. One is improper use of fertilizer. Mainly nitrogen fertilizer is too much, or phosphorus, potassium is insufficient, resulting in imbalance of carbon and nitrogen in the tree body, resulting in excessive growth of nutrients, vegetative growth and reproductive growth disorders, causing a large number of fruit drop. The second is that the “rich†persimmon tree has a small amount of fruit and there is no place to supply large amounts of nutrients, but it has to be fed to the growth of vegetative shoots, and it can also result in excessive tree vigor.
Second, prevention measures
1. Two girdling. By circumventing the trunk, nutrients are transported to the roots and the tree grows steadily, reducing fruit loss. The girdling method: the first flowering girdling. In the "rich" persimmon flowering period, the ring is used to peel off the trunk with a ring cutter, the riparian width of the young tree is 1.5 to 2 mm, the width of the older Wangwang ripping is 3 to 4 mm, and the width of the girdling should not be too large, otherwise it is easy. Peel the tree. The second girdling is appropriate in the middle and early July. The juvenile tree grazing in mid-July is appropriate. The older wangshu is suitable for the upper and middle of July. The width of the second girdling is the same as the width of the first girdling. When girdling, attention should be paid: the circumcision trunk should be 15-20 cm from the ground, too close to the ground, the wound is vulnerable to infection by other bacteria, causing other diseases; each girdling position should be shifted by 5 cm. Weak trees cannot be circumcision.
2. Rational use of fertilizer. There are two points to be grasped in fertilizing: First, use basal fertilizer. The application of basal fertilizer should be dominated by organic fertilizers, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Application method: autumn application (mid-to-late September), 100-150 kg of organic fertilizer applied per persimmon, 0.5-0.8 kg of superphosphate, and 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate. The second is top dressing. Top dressing is in early May (before flowering) and mid-July. Each application of urea 0.3 ~ 0.5 kg, 0.5 kg of diammonium phosphate, 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate.
Although "rich" persimmons are dried fruits, they require more water. If there is not enough water, it will cause a lot of fruit drop. According to the production practice, it is necessary to pour 4 times of water: one is to shoot sprouting water (at the end of March). The second is pouring flower water, that is, in mid-May. The third is poured fruit water (in mid-June). The fourth is pouring the fruit early in the water (in late September).
3. Scientific pruning. Reasonable pruning, increase the number of flower buds, with flowers and fruits, with fruit trees to grow steadily, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing fruit drop. When pruning, a combination of short cut (3 to 4 shoots left) and medium cut (6 to 8 shoots left) should be used.
First, the reasons for the fruit drop
1. Natural fruit drop habits. The “rich†persimmon has natural fruit-drop habits, and the fruit drop has two peaks. The first time is about 10 days after flowering, and the second time is July-August.
2. The tree is too busy. The “rich†persimmon’s vigorous growth is caused by two factors. One is improper use of fertilizer. Mainly nitrogen fertilizer is too much, or phosphorus, potassium is insufficient, resulting in imbalance of carbon and nitrogen in the tree body, resulting in excessive growth of nutrients, vegetative growth and reproductive growth disorders, causing a large number of fruit drop. The second is that the “rich†persimmon tree has a small amount of fruit and there is no place to supply large amounts of nutrients, but it has to be fed to the growth of vegetative shoots, and it can also result in excessive tree vigor.
Second, prevention measures
1. Two girdling. By circumventing the trunk, nutrients are transported to the roots and the tree grows steadily, reducing fruit loss. The girdling method: the first flowering girdling. In the "rich" persimmon flowering period, the ring is used to peel off the trunk with a ring cutter, the riparian width of the young tree is 1.5 to 2 mm, the width of the older Wangwang ripping is 3 to 4 mm, and the width of the girdling should not be too large, otherwise it is easy. Peel the tree. The second girdling is appropriate in the middle and early July. The juvenile tree grazing in mid-July is appropriate. The older wangshu is suitable for the upper and middle of July. The width of the second girdling is the same as the width of the first girdling. When girdling, attention should be paid: the circumcision trunk should be 15-20 cm from the ground, too close to the ground, the wound is vulnerable to infection by other bacteria, causing other diseases; each girdling position should be shifted by 5 cm. Weak trees cannot be circumcision.
2. Rational use of fertilizer. There are two points to be grasped in fertilizing: First, use basal fertilizer. The application of basal fertilizer should be dominated by organic fertilizers, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Application method: autumn application (mid-to-late September), 100-150 kg of organic fertilizer applied per persimmon, 0.5-0.8 kg of superphosphate, and 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate. The second is top dressing. Top dressing is in early May (before flowering) and mid-July. Each application of urea 0.3 ~ 0.5 kg, 0.5 kg of diammonium phosphate, 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate.
Although "rich" persimmons are dried fruits, they require more water. If there is not enough water, it will cause a lot of fruit drop. According to the production practice, it is necessary to pour 4 times of water: one is to shoot sprouting water (at the end of March). The second is pouring flower water, that is, in mid-May. The third is poured fruit water (in mid-June). The fourth is pouring the fruit early in the water (in late September).
3. Scientific pruning. Reasonable pruning, increase the number of flower buds, with flowers and fruits, with fruit trees to grow steadily, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing fruit drop. When pruning, a combination of short cut (3 to 4 shoots left) and medium cut (6 to 8 shoots left) should be used.
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