Between seedlings. Require early seedlings, thin set seedlings. The principle to be mastered is to keep thin and thin, to reduce weakness and to stay strong, to adjust the distance between plants to maintain uniformity. Generally, it is divided into two layers, the first time is when the first true leaves appear after Qi seedlings, and the leaves are not overlapped; the second time is when the second true leaves appear. The seedlings are determined at the third leaf stage, and the density of retained seedlings depends on whether the rapeseed is planted sooner or later, the length of the seedling age, and the growth status of the seedlings. Generally, the seedling distance is 7 to 10 cm. Small seedlings can be planted only once.
Apply early, apply enough fertilizer. The experiment proved that the yield of rapeseed per mu decreased by 27.4% and 27.1% after 15 days of nitrogen deficiency or 25 days of phosphorus deficiency at seedling stage, and rapeseed topdressing 5 days after transplantation increased 24.3% per hectare compared to 20 days after transplanting. In arid regions and years, fertilization should be combined with watering, that is, fertilizing with water, and promoting fertilizer with water. The amount of fertilizer applied at seedling stage should account for about 40% of the total amount of fertilizer applied. On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer such as urea twice. In addition to applying nitrogen fertilizer twice to transplanted rapeseed, one should also properly apply wax fertilizer once. For rapeseed direct seeding, fertilizer should be applied once during the first seedling and after seedling. In addition to nitrogen fertilizers at seedling stage, pay attention to phosphorus fertilizers. Phosphorus deficiency will affect flower bud differentiation and root development of rape. Also pay attention to the supply of boron fertilizer at seedling stage.
Drought-resistant drainage. Autumn and winter are more dry. When the relative humidity of soil (maximum water holding capacity in the field) is less than 70%, the lower leaves of rapeseed will turn red, the whole plant will be dark green and dull, or the leaves will wither at noon. You should irrigate immediately to prevent drought and promote early onset. When the drought is light, it can be combined with the application of seedling fertilizer to water the drought. When the drought is severe, furrow irrigation can be carried out. Watering times should be based on seedling conditions and soil texture. It also depends on the local conditions, and watering 5 to 6 times in autumn and winter and after returning to green. When watering, avoid flooding with large water, so as to prevent flooding of rapeseed and soil compaction, which will affect the development of root system and prevent the formation of stiff seedlings.
Cultivated loose soil. Cultivated loose soil should grasp the principles of early loosening and hard loosening, and cooperate with fertilization and soil cultivation. The time, number, and depth of tillage loosening should be determined according to rape growth, soil conditions, climatic characteristics, and weed growth. For direct-seeded rapeseed, the first field tillage is usually combined with thinning and topdressing when 2 to 3 true leaves appear after the whole seedling. When there are 4 to 5 real leaves, the second field tilling is combined with fixed seedlings and topdressing. Cultivate again before coming. For rapeseed transplanting, the first field cultivation should be combined with topdressing after the seedlings are transplanted back to green. In addition, after each watering and rainfall, cultivating loose soil should also be carried out in a timely manner. The depth of ploughing should be shallow first and then deep to avoid excessive root damage, that is, the first ploughing shallow, the second and third ploughing deep. The paddy field canola cultivation can be slightly deeper, and the long-growing rape field cultivation should also be appropriately deepened to cut off part of the root system and control the growth of the above-ground part to make the strong seedlings strong. However, in colder winters, in order to prevent freezing and moisturizing, it is generally not suitable to carry out deep-cultivation. When cultivating loose soil, we must pay attention to cultivating soil roots to enhance the cold resistance of rape.
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