In the early fall, it was hot and humid, and in the middle and late autumn, the grass blossomed and seeded. What should I do as a farmer?
Insecticide in autumn is a good time for livestock and poultry to repel insects. In order to achieve the purpose of deworming and prevent drug poisoning, the following work should be done.
1. Rational selection of drugs, pay attention to match. When selecting anthelmintic drugs, it is necessary to select broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs with a wide range of insect repellent, high curative effect, and low toxicity according to the species of livestock and poultry, age, species of infected parasites, parasitic sites, etc., and economic considerations. value. Since most of the parasitic diseases of livestock and poultry are mixed infections, appropriate insect repellent drugs or direct-use multi-functional broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs can be appropriately used in deworming. Such as avermectin (worm insect star) and so on.
2 master the dose, interval medication. All kinds of anthelmintic drugs have certain toxic and side effects on the livestock and poultry. When the insects are dewormed, their doses must be accurate and the poisoning caused by overdose should be strictly prevented. To ensure insect repellency and prevent parasites from developing drug resistance, a second dose may be given after the first dose of the drug.
3. The method is correct and the way is right. When carrying out a large number of livestock and poultry deworming treatments, or using multiple drugs to drive off mixed infections or use new anthelmintic drugs, a few livestock and poultry should be pre-tested to observe the effects of drug reactions and insect repellents, and to ensure safety and effectiveness after comprehensive promotion. . Different drugs or different insect repellent purposes, their medication route is not the same. General ectoparasites are suitable for spraying and medicinal baths (must be performed simultaneously with sheds); blood parasites are effective with intravenous injection; respiratory, urinary tract parasites are suitable for oral and intramuscular injection; digestive parasites are fed before the morning Fasting medicine is effective.
4. Breeding livestock species, medication caution. Investigators need to avoid using drugs that have an adverse effect on egg production and fertility. Maternal livestock should not use toxic anthelmintic drugs during pregnancy. The deworming of dairy cows should use an anthelmintic which has no adverse effect on the yield and quality (especially flavor) of fresh milk. De-worming of birds should be carried out before opening, and deworming of breeding stocks must be carried out in the empty period.
Forage grass reserves before the beginning of autumn to winter, to strengthen the forage grass reserve, to ensure that livestock overwinter forage enough, full.
1. Hay modulation. There are many ways to dry high quality hay. The simplest method is natural drying. The harvested pastures are naturally dried in the place where they are or they are transported to a high-dry place, or they are put on a shelf for drying. Professional grasslands can also use electric fans, hair dryers or dryers to dry grass. In order to prepare high-quality hay, suitable drying methods should be selected according to local conditions during the drying process. When you choose to use natural drying, you must master the weather changes and avoid the rainy weather as much as possible. Transition to a scaled, mechanized drying method when conditions allow. No matter what kind of modulation method is used, it is necessary to minimize human or mechanical damage caused by nutrition. For example, due to a series of manual and mechanical operations such as cutting, handling, air-drying, stacking, etc. of forage grasses, it will inevitably cause the twigs and leaves to break off, and in serious cases it can be lost by 20% to 30%. Therefore, we must choose suitable harvest time for pastures, minimize turnover and handling, and reduce losses.
2. Silage preparation. Choose a hard, high-dry terrain, low groundwater level, built silo. Conditioned bricks and concrete can be built into permanent pits. Commonly used silage materials include grass corn, ryegrass, bromegrass, buds in legumes, clover, milk vetch, and other roots and stems of sweet potatoes, pumpkins, leeks, and aquatic plants. Raw materials must be harvested in due course. The purpose of obtaining the most nutrients in feed production. Prematurely, the raw material contains more water and less digestible nutrients; too late, vitamin content increases, palatability is poor, and digestibility is reduced. The harvest period of corn is generally from the milk ripening stage to the wax ripening stage; the gramineous pasture is the booting stage to the heading stage; the leguminous pasture is the budding stage to the early flowering stage; the aquatic feed is harvested from the sun for 1 to 2 days. Raw materials should be loaded properly. After harvesting, the water is suitable and should be transported to the silo immediately and cut into short sides. Before the cellar is placed, 10-15 cm thick straw is laid on the bottom to absorb the juice. The four walls of the cellar are covered with plastic film to prevent leakage and permeability. The cellar should be practical, and it must be installed 60 centimeters from the height of the cellar to seal the ceiling. When the roof is capped, firstly lay a layer of chopped straw, add a layer of plastic film, and then cover the soil. Ditch the drain around 1m away from the pit to prevent the inflow of rainwater. When there is a crack in the pit, the soil is compacted in time to prevent the leakage of air leakage.
A reasonable group of sheep is rationally adjusted according to the age, sex, and physique of the sheep, and groups of sheep of similar physique are grouped. One of its benefits is to make full use of the grassland, weak sheep grazing in the vicinity, strong groups to grazing in the distance; the second is to facilitate the care of weak sheep, pregnant sheep, timely and reasonable feeding.
Spring lamb after the autumn fertilizer, if not reserved for species use, it is timely listed on the autumn fertilizer. All sheep that have suffered from chronic illness, thin and weak, long-term free-riding, and low production performance should also be eliminated after the autumn fertilizer.
Under natural light, chickens hatch in the spring, and after one year of production, they usually moult and stop production in the fall of the following year. Natural moulting varies and lasts for a long time. The egg production peak during the second laying period comes late and the peak is low. Therefore, artificial forced moulting must be performed and the whole group must be mowed.
There are many methods of forced moulting, such as the chemical drug method and the hormone method. In production practice, more conventional methods are used, namely methods of controlling drinking water, controlling feeding and changing light. On the first day to the 11th day, feed is stopped, the light is on for 8 hours, and the water is stopped for the first 3 days. On the 12th to the 13th day, 40 g of feed is given each day, light is irradiated for 9 hours, and the water is supplied; on the 14th to 20th day, each day is fed 10 grams, until the resumption of free intake, lighting from 9 hours a day, an increase of 1 hour per week until the end of 16 hours, water supply.
Compulsory moulting chickens must be healthy. Diseased, weak, thin chicks, eliminated before mandatory moulting. After the moulting is over, the feathers, excrement, and grass are cleaned up, immunized in time, and transferred to normal feeding.
Replanting of pastures can be done in the autumn by replanting autumn seedlings when there is a lack of monopoly seedlings or insufficient pastures. mainly include:
Alfalfa perennial, can be used for 3 to 6 years, can be harvested 3 to 5 times a year, 667 square meters of fresh grass produce 3000 to 6000 kg. Suitable for green feeding and modulation of hay, it is a good crop for crop rotation. It can be unicast, and it can also be broadcast with wheat before the autumn equinox. Pre-planting fine soil preparation, application of organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer; 0.5 to 1 kg per 667 m2; soil should be light and dry; soil should be deep and dry, generally 2 cm deep, can be drilled, moved down, on demand, or with wheat broadcast.
Bromegrass is perennial, adaptable, cold-tolerant, cold-tolerant, rot-resistant, salt-tolerant, trampling-resistant, and highly regenerative. It is an excellent grass species suitable for cutting and grazing. Drilling is generally used, with 667 square meters of seed 1.5 to 2 kilograms, and if mixed with alfalfa, 667 square meters of seed 1 to 1.5 kilograms. Sowing depth, sticky soil 2 to 3 cm, sandy soil 3 to 4 cm. More nitrogen fertilizer should be applied when unicast.
There are two kinds of white and yellow flowers, with strong adaptability, resistance to drought, resistance to salt and salt, can be fed green. Before seeding, sand the seed coat with sandpaper to facilitate germination. For each 667 m2 sowing volume, 1.5 kilograms of alfalfa seeds are sowed and 1.2 kilograms of seeds are dislocated.
Bitter fungus family perennial forage, good palatability, should close planting. Drilling time is 20 to 30 centimeters, the sowing rate is 0.5 to 1 kilogram, sowing depth is 2 to 3 centimeters, and the crackdown is timely after sowing.
In addition, white clover, Russian feed vegetables, chicory, perennial ryegrass, winter grazing 70 - rye, multi-flowered ryegrass, eucalyptus, Dactylis, high wheat grass, Rumex, and grass Varieties are suitable for autumn sowing, and farmers can choose according to their own circumstances.
Ducks pay attention to ventilation and strengthen epidemic prevention. Strengthen ventilation to ensure air circulation in duck houses, such as nighttime hot and humid, ducks can be disturbed, and ducks can be drowned into pool water, and artificial ventilation can also be performed using electric fans.
With good feed ducks raised to 7 days of age can be transferred to normal feeding. Feed mix: corn 58%, alfalfa 10%, soybean cake 25%, fishmeal 3%, shell powder 20%, bone meal 1.5%, salt 0.5%, per kilogram of feed containing metabolic energy 11.72 ~ 12.14 MJ, crude protein 18% ~ 19%. After the first week of hatching, feeding is performed once every 3 hours; after 20th day, feeding is performed 3 to 4 times a day, and rice fields can be grazing to reduce the amount of materials used.
Strengthen the insulation Since the end of October, we must do a good job of cold insulation work to prevent cold wind invasion, grazing ducks should be rushed to the warm sand, pond ditch, drains and other shelters in order to avoid cold and cold.
Strengthen the epidemic prevention to check the temperature in the house, observe the diet, defecation and activities of the ducklings, and usually add the compound, such as dicamba, terramycin calcium salt, vitamins and calcium tablets, to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Once the duck has developed, it should be treated immediately and the sick duck should be kept in isolation.
The heat preservation and dehumidification of pig chickens is still not slack in early autumn, and the climate is hot and humid. Like Xiayan, it is still necessary to do a good job of heatstroke prevention and dehumidification. To manage the pigs, the trees around the house, climbing plants and lawns, increase ventilation, provide adequate clean drinking water, and continue to feed in the early morning and late night feeding methods in summer.
At this time, mosquitoes flies, trying to kill.
The cattle and sheep grasp the autumn crickets in time and match them to the middle and late autumn. It is the period when the grasses bloom and produce seeds. The nutritional value of the grass is high. It is a good time to grasp the autumn crickets, and it is also to guarantee the safe wintering of cattle and sheep and avoid the lack of spring in the coming year. A critical period. As the autumn season, the appetite and feed intake of cattle and sheep increase, and the weight gain is faster. At this time, it is necessary to extend the grazing time as much as possible, and the cattle and flock are controlled to disperse and eat freely. The problem to pay attention to during this period of grazing is that some meadows are crowded with many esparto grasses. When they are seeded, the seeds of the grass seeds are like needles and spirals, and they are easily tied to the skin of cattle and sheep. This grass should avoid grazing and can be left as grass.
In autumn, it is the season when the ewe concentrates on estrus, and it is necessary to ensure that all the fetuses are bred to the ewes of the appropriate age. First of all, we must ensure that the ewes are in good estrus in order to maintain the sensation of being above average; for ewes that are not estrus, we can inject pregnant horse serum and chorionic gonadotropin. Second, the ewes must be bred in time or artificial insemination, as far as possible fully equipped with full pregnancy. For pregnant ewes, we must strengthen management and prevent miscarriage.
Insecticide in autumn is a good time for livestock and poultry to repel insects. In order to achieve the purpose of deworming and prevent drug poisoning, the following work should be done.
1. Rational selection of drugs, pay attention to match. When selecting anthelmintic drugs, it is necessary to select broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs with a wide range of insect repellent, high curative effect, and low toxicity according to the species of livestock and poultry, age, species of infected parasites, parasitic sites, etc., and economic considerations. value. Since most of the parasitic diseases of livestock and poultry are mixed infections, appropriate insect repellent drugs or direct-use multi-functional broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs can be appropriately used in deworming. Such as avermectin (worm insect star) and so on.
2 master the dose, interval medication. All kinds of anthelmintic drugs have certain toxic and side effects on the livestock and poultry. When the insects are dewormed, their doses must be accurate and the poisoning caused by overdose should be strictly prevented. To ensure insect repellency and prevent parasites from developing drug resistance, a second dose may be given after the first dose of the drug.
3. The method is correct and the way is right. When carrying out a large number of livestock and poultry deworming treatments, or using multiple drugs to drive off mixed infections or use new anthelmintic drugs, a few livestock and poultry should be pre-tested to observe the effects of drug reactions and insect repellents, and to ensure safety and effectiveness after comprehensive promotion. . Different drugs or different insect repellent purposes, their medication route is not the same. General ectoparasites are suitable for spraying and medicinal baths (must be performed simultaneously with sheds); blood parasites are effective with intravenous injection; respiratory, urinary tract parasites are suitable for oral and intramuscular injection; digestive parasites are fed before the morning Fasting medicine is effective.
4. Breeding livestock species, medication caution. Investigators need to avoid using drugs that have an adverse effect on egg production and fertility. Maternal livestock should not use toxic anthelmintic drugs during pregnancy. The deworming of dairy cows should use an anthelmintic which has no adverse effect on the yield and quality (especially flavor) of fresh milk. De-worming of birds should be carried out before opening, and deworming of breeding stocks must be carried out in the empty period.
Forage grass reserves before the beginning of autumn to winter, to strengthen the forage grass reserve, to ensure that livestock overwinter forage enough, full.
1. Hay modulation. There are many ways to dry high quality hay. The simplest method is natural drying. The harvested pastures are naturally dried in the place where they are or they are transported to a high-dry place, or they are put on a shelf for drying. Professional grasslands can also use electric fans, hair dryers or dryers to dry grass. In order to prepare high-quality hay, suitable drying methods should be selected according to local conditions during the drying process. When you choose to use natural drying, you must master the weather changes and avoid the rainy weather as much as possible. Transition to a scaled, mechanized drying method when conditions allow. No matter what kind of modulation method is used, it is necessary to minimize human or mechanical damage caused by nutrition. For example, due to a series of manual and mechanical operations such as cutting, handling, air-drying, stacking, etc. of forage grasses, it will inevitably cause the twigs and leaves to break off, and in serious cases it can be lost by 20% to 30%. Therefore, we must choose suitable harvest time for pastures, minimize turnover and handling, and reduce losses.
2. Silage preparation. Choose a hard, high-dry terrain, low groundwater level, built silo. Conditioned bricks and concrete can be built into permanent pits. Commonly used silage materials include grass corn, ryegrass, bromegrass, buds in legumes, clover, milk vetch, and other roots and stems of sweet potatoes, pumpkins, leeks, and aquatic plants. Raw materials must be harvested in due course. The purpose of obtaining the most nutrients in feed production. Prematurely, the raw material contains more water and less digestible nutrients; too late, vitamin content increases, palatability is poor, and digestibility is reduced. The harvest period of corn is generally from the milk ripening stage to the wax ripening stage; the gramineous pasture is the booting stage to the heading stage; the leguminous pasture is the budding stage to the early flowering stage; the aquatic feed is harvested from the sun for 1 to 2 days. Raw materials should be loaded properly. After harvesting, the water is suitable and should be transported to the silo immediately and cut into short sides. Before the cellar is placed, 10-15 cm thick straw is laid on the bottom to absorb the juice. The four walls of the cellar are covered with plastic film to prevent leakage and permeability. The cellar should be practical, and it must be installed 60 centimeters from the height of the cellar to seal the ceiling. When the roof is capped, firstly lay a layer of chopped straw, add a layer of plastic film, and then cover the soil. Ditch the drain around 1m away from the pit to prevent the inflow of rainwater. When there is a crack in the pit, the soil is compacted in time to prevent the leakage of air leakage.
A reasonable group of sheep is rationally adjusted according to the age, sex, and physique of the sheep, and groups of sheep of similar physique are grouped. One of its benefits is to make full use of the grassland, weak sheep grazing in the vicinity, strong groups to grazing in the distance; the second is to facilitate the care of weak sheep, pregnant sheep, timely and reasonable feeding.
Spring lamb after the autumn fertilizer, if not reserved for species use, it is timely listed on the autumn fertilizer. All sheep that have suffered from chronic illness, thin and weak, long-term free-riding, and low production performance should also be eliminated after the autumn fertilizer.
Under natural light, chickens hatch in the spring, and after one year of production, they usually moult and stop production in the fall of the following year. Natural moulting varies and lasts for a long time. The egg production peak during the second laying period comes late and the peak is low. Therefore, artificial forced moulting must be performed and the whole group must be mowed.
There are many methods of forced moulting, such as the chemical drug method and the hormone method. In production practice, more conventional methods are used, namely methods of controlling drinking water, controlling feeding and changing light. On the first day to the 11th day, feed is stopped, the light is on for 8 hours, and the water is stopped for the first 3 days. On the 12th to the 13th day, 40 g of feed is given each day, light is irradiated for 9 hours, and the water is supplied; on the 14th to 20th day, each day is fed 10 grams, until the resumption of free intake, lighting from 9 hours a day, an increase of 1 hour per week until the end of 16 hours, water supply.
Compulsory moulting chickens must be healthy. Diseased, weak, thin chicks, eliminated before mandatory moulting. After the moulting is over, the feathers, excrement, and grass are cleaned up, immunized in time, and transferred to normal feeding.
Replanting of pastures can be done in the autumn by replanting autumn seedlings when there is a lack of monopoly seedlings or insufficient pastures. mainly include:
Alfalfa perennial, can be used for 3 to 6 years, can be harvested 3 to 5 times a year, 667 square meters of fresh grass produce 3000 to 6000 kg. Suitable for green feeding and modulation of hay, it is a good crop for crop rotation. It can be unicast, and it can also be broadcast with wheat before the autumn equinox. Pre-planting fine soil preparation, application of organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer; 0.5 to 1 kg per 667 m2; soil should be light and dry; soil should be deep and dry, generally 2 cm deep, can be drilled, moved down, on demand, or with wheat broadcast.
Bromegrass is perennial, adaptable, cold-tolerant, cold-tolerant, rot-resistant, salt-tolerant, trampling-resistant, and highly regenerative. It is an excellent grass species suitable for cutting and grazing. Drilling is generally used, with 667 square meters of seed 1.5 to 2 kilograms, and if mixed with alfalfa, 667 square meters of seed 1 to 1.5 kilograms. Sowing depth, sticky soil 2 to 3 cm, sandy soil 3 to 4 cm. More nitrogen fertilizer should be applied when unicast.
There are two kinds of white and yellow flowers, with strong adaptability, resistance to drought, resistance to salt and salt, can be fed green. Before seeding, sand the seed coat with sandpaper to facilitate germination. For each 667 m2 sowing volume, 1.5 kilograms of alfalfa seeds are sowed and 1.2 kilograms of seeds are dislocated.
Bitter fungus family perennial forage, good palatability, should close planting. Drilling time is 20 to 30 centimeters, the sowing rate is 0.5 to 1 kilogram, sowing depth is 2 to 3 centimeters, and the crackdown is timely after sowing.
In addition, white clover, Russian feed vegetables, chicory, perennial ryegrass, winter grazing 70 - rye, multi-flowered ryegrass, eucalyptus, Dactylis, high wheat grass, Rumex, and grass Varieties are suitable for autumn sowing, and farmers can choose according to their own circumstances.
Ducks pay attention to ventilation and strengthen epidemic prevention. Strengthen ventilation to ensure air circulation in duck houses, such as nighttime hot and humid, ducks can be disturbed, and ducks can be drowned into pool water, and artificial ventilation can also be performed using electric fans.
With good feed ducks raised to 7 days of age can be transferred to normal feeding. Feed mix: corn 58%, alfalfa 10%, soybean cake 25%, fishmeal 3%, shell powder 20%, bone meal 1.5%, salt 0.5%, per kilogram of feed containing metabolic energy 11.72 ~ 12.14 MJ, crude protein 18% ~ 19%. After the first week of hatching, feeding is performed once every 3 hours; after 20th day, feeding is performed 3 to 4 times a day, and rice fields can be grazing to reduce the amount of materials used.
Strengthen the insulation Since the end of October, we must do a good job of cold insulation work to prevent cold wind invasion, grazing ducks should be rushed to the warm sand, pond ditch, drains and other shelters in order to avoid cold and cold.
Strengthen the epidemic prevention to check the temperature in the house, observe the diet, defecation and activities of the ducklings, and usually add the compound, such as dicamba, terramycin calcium salt, vitamins and calcium tablets, to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Once the duck has developed, it should be treated immediately and the sick duck should be kept in isolation.
The heat preservation and dehumidification of pig chickens is still not slack in early autumn, and the climate is hot and humid. Like Xiayan, it is still necessary to do a good job of heatstroke prevention and dehumidification. To manage the pigs, the trees around the house, climbing plants and lawns, increase ventilation, provide adequate clean drinking water, and continue to feed in the early morning and late night feeding methods in summer.
At this time, mosquitoes flies, trying to kill.
The cattle and sheep grasp the autumn crickets in time and match them to the middle and late autumn. It is the period when the grasses bloom and produce seeds. The nutritional value of the grass is high. It is a good time to grasp the autumn crickets, and it is also to guarantee the safe wintering of cattle and sheep and avoid the lack of spring in the coming year. A critical period. As the autumn season, the appetite and feed intake of cattle and sheep increase, and the weight gain is faster. At this time, it is necessary to extend the grazing time as much as possible, and the cattle and flock are controlled to disperse and eat freely. The problem to pay attention to during this period of grazing is that some meadows are crowded with many esparto grasses. When they are seeded, the seeds of the grass seeds are like needles and spirals, and they are easily tied to the skin of cattle and sheep. This grass should avoid grazing and can be left as grass.
In autumn, it is the season when the ewe concentrates on estrus, and it is necessary to ensure that all the fetuses are bred to the ewes of the appropriate age. First of all, we must ensure that the ewes are in good estrus in order to maintain the sensation of being above average; for ewes that are not estrus, we can inject pregnant horse serum and chorionic gonadotropin. Second, the ewes must be bred in time or artificial insemination, as far as possible fully equipped with full pregnancy. For pregnant ewes, we must strengthen management and prevent miscarriage.
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