Abalone mushroom, also known as Taiwanese mushroom. In plant taxonomy belongs to Basidiomycotina, Lamystrophy, Agaricales, Pleurotus, Pleurotus. It is a rare and precious species that occurs during the high temperature season and has a high food value and commercial value.
Abalone's growth and development are closely related to the surrounding environmental conditions. The main environmental factors affecting the growth and development of abalone mushrooms are nutrition, temperature, moisture, light, air, and pH.
1. Nutrition Abalone mushroom is a wood rot fungus. In actual cultivation, nutrients mainly include carbon, nitrogen sources, minerals, and vitamins. The carbon source is the main source of nutrition for abalone mushrooms. It is a raw material for the synthesis of carbohydrates and amino acids and is also an important source of energy. In artificial cultivation, cotton seed husks, waste cotton, rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse, corn cobs, and mixed wood chips are used as culture materials to provide the carbon source needed for the growth of abalone mushroom. The nitrogen source is the indispensable main raw material for the synthesis of protein and nucleic acid by abalone mushroom, and it is also an extremely important source of nutrition. Rice bran, bran, corn flour, soybean meal, peanut and rapeseed meal are added to the culture medium to meet the demand for nitrogen sources. Tests have shown that 5% to 10% of soybean flour or corn flour is added to the culture medium. Can greatly increase production. Adding appropriate amounts of inorganic salts such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, and mineral elements such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and iron, as well as vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 to the raw materials, can significantly accelerate the growth of mycelium, thrive, and shorten mycelium growth. Manage time.
2. Temperature and temperature is an important factor in controlling mycelium growth and fruit body formation of abalone. The optimum temperature range for mycelial growth and development is between 20 and 33°C. The most suitable temperature is 25-28°C. The temperature range of the fruiting body is 20 to 32°C, and 25 to 30°C is the suitable temperature. The most suitable temperature is 27 to 28°C. Bulbs below 20°C or above 35°C will not occur.
3. Humidity (moisture) Abalone mushrooms are hiophilic fungi and their ability to resist drought is weak. Therefore, moisture and humidity are indispensable factors for the growth and development of abalone mycelium and fruit body. When the moisture content of the culture medium reaches 63% to 65%, the mycelium grows rapidly. The germination period requires the relative humidity of the air to be about 60%. The humidity is too high and it is easily contaminated by bacteria. The air relative humidity in the cultivation site of the mushrooming period is maintained at about 90%, which is favorable for the development of the mushroom body.
4. Light does not need light during the growth of mycelium, and the formation and growth phase of fruit bodies require some scattered light, but direct sunlight is prohibited.
5, air growth phase of the mycelium requirements are not very strict, often high concentrations of carbon dioxide can also stimulate the growth of mycelium. However, when the concentration of carbonitrides is more than 30%, the growth of mycelium will suddenly drop, and the air content of the general culture room can be suitable for the growth of mycelia of abalone. The growth stage of the fruiting body requires a lot of oxygen. If the ventilation is poor, the mushroom shank will be elongated, and the cap will be small or undeveloped, and the malformation mushroom will be easily formed.
6. The pH value of the abalone mushroom mycelia can grow in a medium with a pH value of 5.5-8, and the optimum pH value is 6.0-7.5.
Second, cultivation technology
1. Cultivation season In southern China, it is appropriate to cultivate in May to October each year. In northern regions, according to the requirement that abalone mushrooms can normally produce mushrooms at 25 to 30°C, the use of plastic greenhouses can reasonably arrange the cultivation season.
2. Formulation of culture materials 1 Cottonseed hull or waste cotton 93%, bran 5%; 2 Cottonseed husk 40%, wood chips or bagasse 40%, bran 18%; 3 wood chips 73%, bran 20%, corn flour 5 %; 4 corncob 70%, bran 10%, fine rice bran 10%, corn flour 8%; 5 straw 37%, sawdust or corncob 27%, cottonseed husk 10%, bran 20%, corn flour 4%. Each of the above five formulations added 1% calcium carbonate and 1% sugar.
3. The best cultivation method for the abalone mushroom is cultivated in bags.
4, ingredients and bagging sawdust, bagasse must be sifted in order to prevent breaking plastic bags. When mixing, mix the raw materials and mix well, then use 1% lime water to mix the ingredients wet and the moisture content is about 68%. Use polypropylene plastic bag with a size of 33 cm (0.05 cm) and charge 0.4 kg (dry material) per bag. Then put on the bag mouth ring, stuff the tampon, and put it in the sterilizer. Sterilization.
5, sterilization and inoculation bagging immediately after the high-temperature sterilization, atmospheric pressure sterilization temperature reached 100 °C and maintain 8 to 10 hours, after the end of the bag out of the vaccination room cooling to below 30 °C, according to aseptic requirements Access bacteria.
6, 2 to 3 days after inoculation of mycelia, the mycelium began to germinate and colonize, eating material growth, the optimum temperature of the culture chamber was about 25°C, and the air temperature was about 60%. After 25 to 30 days, the hyphae can be full. In the cultivation process, we must strictly prevent the pollution of rodents and bacteria, once found to be treated in time, so as not to affect the qualified rate of bacteria bags.
7. Management of fruiting period The management of good fruiting period is the key to winning high quality and high yield of abalone mushroom. The most suitable mushrooming method for abalone mushroom is to adopt the mushrooming method on the surface of the culture material. The method is: After the mycelium full bag unplug the tampon, take off the collar, roll the plastic bag back to the surface of the culture medium, first remove the mushroom on the surface of the culture medium, then spray water to moisturize, and spray water every day. ~ 4 times, the excess water in the bag should be poured out to keep the material surface moist. After 8 to 10 days, it usually begins to produce mushrooms, from the buds to mature tolerance of 5 to 8 days. In the whole fruiting stage, the temperature is controlled at 25 to 28°C, and the air temperature is 90%, which is the most suitable. It not only has high yield but also has good quality.
8, when the fruiting body grows to the cap nearly flat, thin edge but slightly inward, when the spores are about to mature, it is timely harvest. When harvesting, hold down the culture material with one hand and gently squeeze the stipe to remove the mushroom. After harvesting a tidal mushroom, the material surface will be cleaned up, and the mycelium will be restored after 2 to 3 days, followed by water spray management. The next tidal mushroom can be grown in about 12 days. Under normal circumstances, generally 4 to 5 tide mushrooms can be harvested, the bioconversion rate is about 90%, and the production cycle is 3 months.
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