How to effectively promote the coloring of apples after unpacking? It is suggested that the majority of fruit farmers should do the following:
1. Autumn cut: The purpose is to increase the light, increase the light transmittance of the crown, and promote the coloring of the fruit. The main purpose is to thin out long branches, competing branches, upright branches, and some skirt branches and long fruit branches under the canopy, so that the leaves and fruits of each branch are evenly lighted. Standing pillars or hanging branches can also be used to open the space to increase light. Ensure that the fruit is colored.
2. Leaf removal: The main purpose is to remove the leaves that affect the fruit's light exposure. Leaf removal can be carried out in steps. For the first time, while removing the bag, remove the rosette leaves close to the fruit; after removing the bag, remove the leaves within 5-10 cm near the fruit. Leaf picking should be done after 9 o'clock in the morning. Choose to remove the bag in the evening on a cloudy or sunny day and avoid noon to prevent sunburn. Cut off the shading and fruit-attached leaves within 15-20 cm of the fruit. After 5-6 days, remove the shading leaves, small leaves, thin leaves, yellow leaves, and old leaves around the fruit, and then remove the autumn shoots. The part of the leaves on the leaves and upper middle branches that affect the light transmission, try to keep the functional leaves, so as not to affect the photosynthetic efficiency. When plucking leaves, first pluck the middle, lower part and inner chamber of the crown, and then pluck the outer periphery of the upper part of the crown. In short, the leaf stalks must be retained when picking leaves, and the number of picking leaves should not exceed 20% to 30% of the whole tree. If the labor cost is high, this work can be done less.
3. Fruit transfer: The purpose is to make the shade of the fruit get direct sunlight and make the fruit surface fully colored. It is better to transfer fruit within 5 to 8 days after removing the bag when the color of the fruit's sun surface reaches about 70%. Rotating the fruit is to rotate the fruit by 90°～180°, so that the yin and yang sides of the fruit are exchanged to ensure that the original yin side is also lustful. Do not use too much force to avoid twisting the fruit. It is better to carry out the fruit transfer 2 to 3 times. For the fruit that cannot be fixed after the fruit transfer, use a narrow transparent tape to fix the nearby branches. Note: The fruit should be transferred in one direction to avoid screwing off the fruit stem.
4. Water control fruit: In the near-mature period, the amount of irrigation water should be controlled. If it is really dry, sprinkler irrigation and infiltration irrigation can be carried out to avoid fruit cracking and increase fruit coloring.
5. Spread silver reflective film: During the fruit coloring period (Red Fuji apples in early September), the silver reflective film on the tree tray can improve the light conditions in the inner chamber and the lower part of the canopy, so that the fruits in the lower part of the canopy, especially the calyx depression and its surroundings, are fully colored , Really achieve full red fruit, while increasing the sugar content of the fruit; Reflective film is laid under the canopy, with working lanes between the rows, the edges are fixed, 400-500 square meters of film per mu of orchard, 1 to 2 days before fruit harvest The reflective film is put away, washed and dried, and can be used for the next year. The laying range is limited by the vertical projection of the canopy.
6. Disease and insect pest control: After removing the bag, in order to prevent and control the fruit rot disease caused by the latent bacteria in the fruit, it is necessary to spray a systemic fungicide such as thiophanate-methyl, peng, etc., and spray 1-2 times of 300 times dihydrogen phosphate Potassium to promote coloring.
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