While basal fertilizer is applied to the protected vegetables, a large amount of topdressing is required during the growth process. Flushing fertilization is one of the more common methods. It is recognized by the majority of farmers due to its convenient application, fast absorption and good fertilizer efficiency. Pay attention to the following issues when applying:
1. Use non-volatile or less volatile fertilizers for ground flushing
The ventilation volume in the protected area is relatively small, and harmful gas is easy to accumulate in it, and harmful gas poisoning occurs. Therefore, it is not suitable to use volatile fertilizers for ground flushing.
In terms of application method, when applying flushing fertilization, the solid fertilizer should be dissolved in water in advance to make a mother liquor, and then flushed with water (for organic fertilizer flushing, it should be soaked about 10 days in advance, and the clear liquid above should be taken with water. Chong Shi). Do not directly sprinkle chemical fertilizers, and then water them to avoid uneven fertilization, excessive local concentration, and root burning.
2. The concentration of fertilizer solution for flushing fertilizer should be appropriate
The amount of water for flushing fertilization is generally relatively large. When fertilizing, the fertilizer is highly diluted. If the amount of fertilization is insufficient and the concentration of the fertilizer solution is too low, the fertilizer efficiency will be poor and the effect of fertilization will not be achieved; if the amount of fertilization is too large, or the amount of water in the fertilization is insufficient, the concentration of the fertilizer solution is too high, and root burning is likely to occur .
For volatile fertilizers, when the fertilizer solution concentration is too high, the amount of harmful gases volatilized into the air is relatively increased, and the chance of harmful gas poisoning also increases. Generally speaking, when watering according to the normal watering amount, the fertilization amount of solid fertilizer can be fertilized at about 120% of the conventional ground fertilization amount. The fertilization amount of liquid fertilizer should be that the water is slightly turbid after the fertilizer liquid is mixed into the water. . The special flushing fertilizers currently on the market can be used according to the instructions.
Three, the amount of watering should be appropriate
When flushing and fertilizing, flooding is not suitable to avoid or reduce the loss of a large amount of nutrients in the fertilizer with water. However, do not water too little to prevent fertilizer damage due to excessive fertilizer solution concentration, and cause surface salinization after prolonged high-concentration fertilization.
The specific watering amount should be determined according to the type of soil, the type of cultivation border and the cultivation period of vegetables. The proper amount of watering is that after watering, the water can soak the soil in the main distribution area of ​​the root system. After watering, insert a wooden stick into the ground to check the soil moisture to determine the appropriate level of watering.
Four, pay attention to balanced fertilization
Some farmer friends recognized a kind of fertilizer and used it regularly as a "universal fertilizer". As a result, a single nutrient was too much, causing physiological diseases in vegetables. The correct method is to balance fertilization and alternate application of various fertilizers according to the different growth and development stages of vegetables.
5. Pay attention to prevent gas damage after fertilization in the shed
In winter, the shed is closed for a long time. If you do not pay attention to ventilation after fertilization, harmful gases will easily accumulate in the shed, which will cause gas damage to vegetables. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid using immature chicken manure, fertilizers with high nitrogen content, etc. when it is continuously cloudy in winter. Bio-organic fertilizers can be used to strengthen root maintenance.
In addition, when top dressing is needed in the middle and late stages of vegetable growth, you can choose to do it in a sunny morning, and let a small breeze after top dressing. Once air damage occurs, timely remedial measures must be taken: firstly, loosen the soil in time, strengthen ventilation, so that harmful gases are emitted from the shed as soon as possible, and even if it is cloudy, it must be properly ventilated, early in the morning and evening, and at noon, or at low temperature and high temperature. Time to release. The second is to spray plant growth regulators such as cytokinin and Aiduoshou to promote the recovery of the damaged crops as soon as possible.
Six, flushing fertilization is not suitable
It is understood that many vegetable farmers, due to excessive and excessive application of flushing and fertilization, have caused undesirable phenomena such as soil compaction, retting of roots, and wilting of vegetable plants in greenhouse vegetable fields. In some places, they have even become limiting factors restricting high yield and quality, which should cause widespread The attention of vegetable farmers. Flush fertilization usually uses water-soluble fertilizers, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, which contain little phosphorus, and trace elements such as calcium and magnesium are minimal. There are also some types of flush fertilization that contain humic acid.
The effect of flushing fertilization is limited to the surface of the soil. With the addition of mulching, the temperature inside the shed is relatively high, and there are a lot of roots on the surface. If it encounters a low temperature cold current or flushing with some inferior fertilizers, it is easy to burn roots and cause rotten roots. One-sided use of a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and abusive fertilization can also cause vegetables to grow longer, reduce their quality, reduce fertilizer utilization, and increase the salinization of the soil properties in the greenhouse.
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