The cold spring and frost in spring are very harmful to pear trees. Generally, pear trees encounter -4℃ in the bud stage and -2.3℃～-2.9℃ in the flowering stage. If the temperature lasts for more than half an hour, the flower organs will suffer frost damage, which usually shows Poor pollination, dry and dead stigma, brown filaments or ovary. The following measures should be taken to prevent freezing damage during the flowering period of pear trees:
1. The trunk is painted white in early spring. In early spring, use the self-made whitening agent to whiten the trunk of the fruit trees, which can effectively reduce the absorption of solar heat, delay germination and flowering, and have the effects of preventing cold and freezing, preventing pests on branches and stems from laying eggs. The preparation method of the whitening agent is: 5 kilograms of quicklime, 0.5 kilograms of sulfur powder, 1.5 kilograms of salt, 0.1 kilograms of vegetable oil, 0.5 kilograms of flour, and 15 kilograms of water. When preparing, first dissolve lime and table salt with hot water, stir to form a paste, then add sulfur powder, vegetable oil and flour, and finally add water and stir evenly.
2. Irrigate before flowering and spray water during flowering. Irrigating pear trees 10 days before blooming in spring can reduce ground temperature and delay germination. After germination and before flowering, re-irrigate for 1 to 2 times, and flowering can generally be delayed for 3-4 days. Irrigation before the cold spring comes can increase the ground temperature, which can prevent and reduce freezing damage. When the frost comes, use water spray to improve the local microclimate, increase the temperature, and prevent freezing flowers.
3. Smoking method. The smoke method can be used to prevent frost during the flowering period of pear trees, and the effect is very good. The aerosol formula is: 20% ammonium nitrate, 70% of sawdust or leftover leaves, and 10% of waste diesel oil. The aerosol can be placed in 3 to 4 piles per mu, evenly placed in the upper wind or in the orchard. When the temperature at a height of 2 meters in the orchard drops to -2°C, it can be ignited and smoked.
4. Put bees in the orchard. Introduce bee colonies 3 to 4 days before the flowering period of the pear trees, and place bees in a box of 4 to 5 mu. According to the test, the bee area in the pear orchard reduces the frost damage rate by more than 40% on average.
5. Spray fruit tree antifreeze. 1 to 2 days before the arrival of cold spring and late frost, spray fruit tree antifreeze solution and PBO solution 50 to 100 times each, and the antifreeze effect is excellent. For flowering fruit trees, you can spray 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.2% borax plus 1.8% Ai Duo Shou solution to enhance the cold resistance of the stamens, reduce the damage of early spring cold, and increase the fruit setting rate.
6. Spray homemade antifreeze. Use 8 parts of agar, 3 parts of glycerin, 43 parts of glucose, 45 parts of sucrose, 2 parts of other nutrients (including fertilizers, plant hormones, etc.), and 2000 parts of water. First soak the agar in a small amount of water for 2 hours, then heat to dissolve, then add other ingredients, mix well and use it.
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Introduction and application of natural colorants
Natural colorants are a kind of magical color source originating from nature. They are carefully extracted from natural substances such as plants, animals and microorganisms, adding colorful light to our lives. These natural colorants can not only be used for coloring in food, drugs, cosmetics, textiles and other fields, but also win more and more people's love and recognition for their non-toxic, harmless and easy to degrade characteristics.
Compared with synthetic colorants, natural colorants show unique advantages. They come from nature, are more harmonious with the environment, do not pose a potential threat to human health, so that people can enjoy the beauty at the same time, but also have peace of mind. Moreover, natural colorants also have rich color changes and unique textures, which can give the product a more natural and vivid appearance.
In the field of food, the application of natural colorants can be described as colorful. Candies, beverages, pastries, ice cream, and other foods can use natural colorants to bring out attractive colors. They not only make food look more palatable, but also increase consumers' appetite and desire to buy.
In the pharmaceutical sector, natural colorants also play an important role. Drugs such as capsules, tablets and oral liquids become more noticeable through the embellishment of natural colorants, which can also improve patient acceptance of drugs.
In the field of cosmetics, natural colorants are even more attractive to women. Lipstick, eyeshadow, nail polish and other cosmetics in the natural color of the dress up, show the charming charm, so that women are more confident and beautiful.
In the field of textiles, natural colorants dye cellulose fibers such as cotton, hemp and silk and protein fibers such as wool and silk. These natural colorants make textiles more textured and personalized, satisfying people's pursuit of fashion and beauty.
In short, natural colorants have become an indispensable part of various fields with their unique charm and wide application. With the increasing awareness of health and environmental protection, it is believed that the future of natural colorants will be more brilliant.
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