Root mustard cultivation technology

(1) Cultivation season

Roots can be planted in autumn regardless of north or south. In areas where the temperature falls faster in the autumn and the winter is severely cold, the autumn sows earlier, and in areas where the temperature is slower and the winter is not too cold, the autumn sows later. From North China to the Yangtze River Basin and the south of the Yangtze River, the sowing period can be from about August 5 to about September 5. Premature sowing is easy for early bolting; too late sowing is due to insufficient early nutrient growth, which affects yield and quality, and is cold The region has not been harvested and has been damaged by freezing. The growing seasons in high and cold areas such as Northeast China are too short and spring sowing.

(2) Sowing and raising seedlings

Root mustard can be seeded directly, and the Yangtze River basin is mainly nursery. The live broadcasters have fewer branches with succulent roots and neat shapes; the transplanters have more branches, but centralized management is more convenient and the land can be fully utilized. In order to reduce succulent root branching, methods of carrying soil and early transplanting can be used.

During the direct seeding, when the soil is dry, dig a hole 2 cm deep for on-demand. After sowing, cover the soil and irrigate. When the soil is wet, do not dig holes, sow the seeds according to the row spacing, after sowing, rake the seeds into the soil. The planting volume per hectare is about 1500 grams. The root mustard seeds are small, and the soil should not be too deep. Seedlings from the direct broadcast room can also be transplanted to Honda.

The nursery bed should choose loam soil with good water and fertilizer retention, deep ploughing 20 cm half a month before sowing, applying 37500 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare, 600 kg of superphosphate, 3000 kg of grass ash as base fertilizer, raking and flattening before sowing, making a width of 130 cm , Gao Qi 15 cm high. The seed spread is 4.5-6 kg per hectare, which can be used for planting 15 hectares of Honda. After sowing, the sieved compost is covered to the extent that no seeds are seen, and then watered and covered with straw to prevent heavy rain and drought. Remove the covering in time after emergence.

When the true leaves are 2-3 pieces and 3-4 pieces, the seedlings are taken once each time to remove the weak seedlings and the inferior seedlings with diseases and insects, and the seedling distance is 6 cm. After thinning, apply thin liquid fertilizer to control aphids 3 times. The breeding of robust, disease-free and compact plant-shaped seedlings is the basis for high yield and quality.

(3) Site preparation and planting

Root mustard is not strict with the soil, but it is better to use clay loam that is rich in organic matter and has good water and fertilizer retention. Although root mustard prefers a humid environment, but cultivated on soil with a high groundwater level, the succulent roots grow poorly, the water content is high, and the processing quality is poor. A plot with good drainage and ventilation should be selected.

Before planting, the cultivated land is 20-30 cm deep, 1.5-2 meters wide and 15 cm high. Depending on the variety of the degree of development, the row spacing is 37-47 cm, the plant spacing is 33-40 cm, generally 45000-52500 plants per hectare. If the planting is too dense, the fleshy root is less than 250 grams and it is not suitable for processing.

It is about 30 days old and about 5 true leaves were planted. At that time, slightly enlarged fleshy roots could already be seen. Watering before planting to take seedlings with soil. When planting, straighten the seedlings perpendicular to the center of the planting hole. Do not bury the soil beyond the shortened stems so that the roots are not distorted and not damaged. The fleshy roots can grow neatly Branch root.

Root mustard requires sufficient fertilizer. Because fleshy roots are the main product, in addition to nitrogen mainly for the growth of leaves and roots, fertilization should be combined with the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The basic fertilizer is 37500 kg per hectare, 600 kg of superphosphate, 3000 kg of plant ash or 300 kg of potassium chloride.

(4) Field management

The top dressing of root mustard is carried out according to the principles of light, heavy and light. The first application of 15,000 kg of thin animal manure plus 75 kg of urea per hectare after planting to survive or direct seeding to promote the formation of powerful leaf clusters. The second time was when the leaves and succulent roots were growing rapidly, using 15,000 kg of concentrated animal waste water and 225 kg of urea. The fertilization time was about the end of October. For the third time, look at the growth of seedlings and choose to apply thicker manure. If the growth is very strong, you can stop fertilizing. 3 times to share 4000-5000 kg of animal manure. Top dressing is applied 1 month before harvest.

Pregnancy buds, bolting and flowering of root mustard do not have strict requirements on low temperature, and early bolting often occurs years ago. Especially premature varieties are prematurely sown which is prone to bolting, which affects the yield and quality of fleshy roots. Therefore, topping should be carried out as soon as possible, and the flower buds should be wiped off or cut with a knife near the base. Topping too late affects the quality of processed products.

(5) Harvesting

Root mustard can not be overwintered in the winter when the frost is heavy. It must be harvested before the frost. North China is severely cold in winter, with early sowing in autumn and a short total growth period, generally only about 90 days, and harvest should be from late October to early November. In warmer regions such as Yunnan and Sichuan, the early maturing varieties have a growing period of about 120 days, the middle maturing varieties have about 130 days, and the late maturing varieties have about 140-150 days. Generally, the appropriate harvest period is from late December to mid-January.

The sign of maturity is that the base leaves are orange, the root head changes from green to yellow, and the side branches or flower buds emerged from the axils of the leaves. At this time, they are harvested in time. After harvesting, the epidermis thickens, fibers increase, bolting or hollowing affects the processing quality. After digging up the fleshy roots, cut off the lateral roots, or remove all the leaves, or leave a few green leaves according to the processing needs, and then process according to the processing needs. Generally, it produces about 30,000 kg per hectare.

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