The high-temperature and high-humidity environment in summer can easily cause premature aging of vegetables and reduce the yield. To prevent the occurrence of premature aging, vegetable farmers must grasp the following six points:
1. Drain the drain and reduce the water level. It is rainy in summer, so it is necessary to dredge the furrows in the field to eliminate the soil damage, improve the living environment of the vegetable rhizosphere, reduce the pests and diseases, and avoid the occurrence of roots.
2. Use fertilizer scientifically to ensure the need. Fruits and vegetables need to be fat and fast, so they must be supplied with plantar fertilizer to ensure the supply, especially in the seedling stage, flowering stage, maturity stage and after the first batch of fruits are harvested. Achieve the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements (boron, calcium, zinc, iron) to restore plant vitality and increase the yield of the second batch of fruits, as well as prevent premature aging, have a good effect. In the later stages, top-dressing can also be carried out.
3. Irrigate water to cool down and dissolve fertilizer to promote growth. In the high-temperature season, trench irrigation or sprinkler irrigation should be carried out in time according to the soil moisture and melon and vegetable production situation, so as to reduce the soil temperature, air temperature and leaf temperature, and reduce the high temperature burning caused by the leaves. At the same time add water and dissolve fertilizer, which is beneficial for root absorption. On the other hand, it should be cultivated in a timely manner after the rain, to break the hardening, and to maintain moisture and increase oxygen to promote health.
4. Topping in time to promote precocious puberty. After harvesting the first crop of fruits, such as pepper, eggplant, tomato, etc., the top center and side center should be removed in time according to the density to eliminate the "top advantage" and promote the balanced growth of the plant, that is, the top center and side center can be removed when the line is closed When the line is not closed, only the top of the heart is taken, not the sidelines. Cucumbers, melons, watermelons, etc., when the melons grow to about 25 leaves, can be topped and cut off the middle and upper branches and buds, so that the nutrients are concentrated and transported to the young fruit to promote its rapid expansion. Beans should be flexibly grasped according to the characteristics of the variety and the height of the support. For long vines, they can be topped when the vine grows to about 2 meters, and for short vines and autumn bean, they are not. During topping, the diseased leaves and dead leaves will be taken out of the field to reduce the breeding of diseases and insects.
5. Prevent diseases and insects and grow vigorously. Common vegetable diseases and insect pests in summer include viral diseases, anthracnose, botrytis, rot and aphids, red spiders, tobacco worms, cotton bollworm and so on. Special care should be taken in the prevention and treatment of pesticides. Pesticides with high toxicity and long residual effect period are strictly prohibited to ensure the safety of humans and animals. No matter spraying insects or treating diseases, spraying can not be done 10 to 15 days before harvest.
6. Harvest in time and bring to market early. Proper harvesting can not only yield a good harvest, but also increase economic benefits. Like most melons and fruits can be harvested at eight maturity, solanaceous fruits and beans are harvested at nine maturity.
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