In recent years, wheat sheath blight of our province has been aggravated year by year, and it has become one of the common diseases. It can lead to the death of the diseased plant stem, or to the restriction of nutrient and water transport of wheat, affecting normal growth and development, and reducing the number of grains and grain weight.
Diagnosing germs in the field mainly damages leaf sheaths and stems, and leaves almost no disease. At the early stage of seedling damage, brown spots appeared on the leaf sheaths near the ground surface, and the lesions gradually expanded. They were fusiform or irregularly shaped like eyes, and the color became darker and spread inwards, resulting in rotted basal segments. In the middle and late stages of wheat growth, the shuttle-shaped lesions on the leaf sheaths are combined with moire, with a pale brownish-brown in the middle and surrounded by a clear brown-brown loop. The lesions can spread upward along the leaf sheath until the flag leaves form a yellow-brown flower stalk. When the conditions are appropriate, lesions can also develop in-depth culms inward, resulting in rotten stems, resulting in lodging, withering ears or withered white ears. On the surface of lesions in the middle and lower part of the diseased plant, white moldy filaments are formed and tangled into clusters. Finally, a large number of scattered, nearly spherical brown particles (sclerotia) are formed.
The regularity of the occurrence of wheat sheath blight disease can be roughly divided into 5 periods. One is the pre-winter disease period. Seedlings of wheat seedlings in the second leaf stage mainly occur at the base leaf sheath. In the rainy year after sowing, the disease rate in the field before winter can reach 5% to 10%, and the early sowing field can exceed 20%. The second is the winter quiescence period. As the temperature drops (below 10°C), the condition progresses slowly or stops. The third is the horizontal expansion period. With the temperature rising in the spring, the number of diseased plants in the field has increased. The more rain this season, the heavier the disease. The fourth is the period of disease invasion. From late March to early April, wheat strains invade stems after jointing and form flower stalks. The fifth is the period of dry white spikes. Severe diseased plants, rotten stems, emerged in the end of April and early May withered ears, especially after the rain was fine and continued for a period of high-temperature dry hot wind weather, dry booting and withered white panicles performed faster. Warm autumn and winter, wet and damp weather in spring is conducive to disease incidence; spring is cold and heavy in winter, heavy in winter, heavy in disease; heavy in nitrogen, heavy in disease; early in sowing, large in quantity, large in growth before winter, early in infestation, and severe in winter. The grass is heavy and the disease is heavy; the terrain is low and the disease is heavy.
Prevention and control technologies are based on agricultural prevention and control, with emphasis on the prevention and control of pesticides in early spring and jointing period, and seed treatment is an auxiliary comprehensive prevention and treatment measure. (1) Agricultural control. Selection of resistant varieties; proper precision sowing, appropriate timely sowing, reasonable mastering of the sowing amount, prevention of excessive growth before winter, early bacterial infection; strengthening of fertilizer and water management, supporting the drainage system, unobstructed drainage, balanced fertilization, Do not apply nitrogen fertilizer, control the number of groups; do a good job in wheat field weeding work. (2) Chemical seed dressing. The use of 60 grams per liter of tebuconazole seed treatment suspension concentrate seed dressing, not only can prevent sheath blight, but also cure smut, pay attention to strictly control the amount of medication to prevent affecting emergence. (3) Medicament spray. The first prevention and treatment begins when the wheat is at its peak and the diseased plant rate reaches 20%. After that (7-10 days), it is decided whether or not it needs to be controlled again. Applicable drugs include Jinggangmycin, propiconazole, hexaconazole, tebuconazole and other single agents and their mixed agents. Severe sheath blight, the jointing stage of delivery should adopt the "high dose, large amount of water, splashing ahead of time or coarse spray" method to ensure that the liquid spilled to the base of the site of the disease and improve the control effect.
Diagnosing germs in the field mainly damages leaf sheaths and stems, and leaves almost no disease. At the early stage of seedling damage, brown spots appeared on the leaf sheaths near the ground surface, and the lesions gradually expanded. They were fusiform or irregularly shaped like eyes, and the color became darker and spread inwards, resulting in rotted basal segments. In the middle and late stages of wheat growth, the shuttle-shaped lesions on the leaf sheaths are combined with moire, with a pale brownish-brown in the middle and surrounded by a clear brown-brown loop. The lesions can spread upward along the leaf sheath until the flag leaves form a yellow-brown flower stalk. When the conditions are appropriate, lesions can also develop in-depth culms inward, resulting in rotten stems, resulting in lodging, withering ears or withered white ears. On the surface of lesions in the middle and lower part of the diseased plant, white moldy filaments are formed and tangled into clusters. Finally, a large number of scattered, nearly spherical brown particles (sclerotia) are formed.
The regularity of the occurrence of wheat sheath blight disease can be roughly divided into 5 periods. One is the pre-winter disease period. Seedlings of wheat seedlings in the second leaf stage mainly occur at the base leaf sheath. In the rainy year after sowing, the disease rate in the field before winter can reach 5% to 10%, and the early sowing field can exceed 20%. The second is the winter quiescence period. As the temperature drops (below 10°C), the condition progresses slowly or stops. The third is the horizontal expansion period. With the temperature rising in the spring, the number of diseased plants in the field has increased. The more rain this season, the heavier the disease. The fourth is the period of disease invasion. From late March to early April, wheat strains invade stems after jointing and form flower stalks. The fifth is the period of dry white spikes. Severe diseased plants, rotten stems, emerged in the end of April and early May withered ears, especially after the rain was fine and continued for a period of high-temperature dry hot wind weather, dry booting and withered white panicles performed faster. Warm autumn and winter, wet and damp weather in spring is conducive to disease incidence; spring is cold and heavy in winter, heavy in winter, heavy in disease; heavy in nitrogen, heavy in disease; early in sowing, large in quantity, large in growth before winter, early in infestation, and severe in winter. The grass is heavy and the disease is heavy; the terrain is low and the disease is heavy.
Prevention and control technologies are based on agricultural prevention and control, with emphasis on the prevention and control of pesticides in early spring and jointing period, and seed treatment is an auxiliary comprehensive prevention and treatment measure. (1) Agricultural control. Selection of resistant varieties; proper precision sowing, appropriate timely sowing, reasonable mastering of the sowing amount, prevention of excessive growth before winter, early bacterial infection; strengthening of fertilizer and water management, supporting the drainage system, unobstructed drainage, balanced fertilization, Do not apply nitrogen fertilizer, control the number of groups; do a good job in wheat field weeding work. (2) Chemical seed dressing. The use of 60 grams per liter of tebuconazole seed treatment suspension concentrate seed dressing, not only can prevent sheath blight, but also cure smut, pay attention to strictly control the amount of medication to prevent affecting emergence. (3) Medicament spray. The first prevention and treatment begins when the wheat is at its peak and the diseased plant rate reaches 20%. After that (7-10 days), it is decided whether or not it needs to be controlled again. Applicable drugs include Jinggangmycin, propiconazole, hexaconazole, tebuconazole and other single agents and their mixed agents. Severe sheath blight, the jointing stage of delivery should adopt the "high dose, large amount of water, splashing ahead of time or coarse spray" method to ensure that the liquid spilled to the base of the site of the disease and improve the control effect.
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