After entering June, the high temperature is accompanied by a high-humidity environment, which is beneficial to peanuts and various diseases.
One is the bacterial wilt. The symptoms are generally that the second leaf of the top of the peanut plant loses water and wilting. After a few days, the whole plant quickly wilted from top to bottom, and the leaf color remained green but dim. Plants with early onset generally do not bear pods, and the yield per acre is often reduced by about 20%, and the yield is reduced by more than 50%.
The second is stem rot. Stem rot occurs in the upper part of the rhizome or near the first pair of lateral branches. At the beginning of the disease, there were some brown plaques, and finally a dark brown ring-shaped lesion was formed. After the stem-based cells are destroyed, the function of absorbing and supplying fertilizer is lost. The stems and leaves of the early-infected plants gradually wither and die, and the plants with late onset tend to rot less after pod formation or pod formation. Stem rot can also cause severe loss of peanut yield.
The third is leaf spot, which occurs later than bacterial wilt and stem rot. The lesions are brown and black. Among them, brown spots occur earlier, dark spots occur a little later, will affect photosynthesis, so that leaves fall off earlier, pod maturity is poor, yield reduction of 20% to 30%, early onset of more reduction.
All the above-mentioned diseases will cause different degrees of loss to peanut production. In addition to the selection of disease-resistant varieties, prevention measures should be taken from two aspects.
First of all, we must do a good job in agricultural prevention and control. First, where there are conditions, water and drought rotation should be carried out; second, in dryland crops, rotation with crops that are not easily parasitic, such as corn and sorghum; third, short-term irrigation in Daejeon before sowing; In the base fertilizer, the compound fertilizer with high nitrogen and high potassium is used together with the microbial organic compound fertilizer, so that the functional microorganisms can inhibit the invasion of harmful bacteria.
Second, we must carry out chemical control.
For bacterial wilt, one can use 50 ml of chlorophyll emulsion and 15 kg of water to root the diseased plants. In the middle and late stages of the disease, 15 grams of chlorhexidine 50 ml + 30% water or 70% WP can be used, or 72 g of 30% metalaxyl Mn Zn powder can be sprayed with water; 100% solution of copper ammonia solution or 72% agricultural streptomycin WP 4000 times, root solution per plant 250 ml, once every 7~10 days, continuous irrigation 2~3 times; Peanuts can be applied to acidic soils before flowering, applying 35~50 kg of lime per acre to reduce acidity and reduce the incidence.
For stem rot, use 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 500-800 times per acre, or 40% methyl chlorpyrifos 600 times solution, fill once every 10 days, and even irrigate 2.
For leaf spot disease, in the initial stage, one can use 1:2:200 times Bordeaux mixture, two can use 50% carbendazim 1000~1500 times solution, three can use 8 billion units per gram of Bacillus licheniformis 60~100 grams. 50 kg of water sprayed.
This article URL: What are the pests and diseases that are prone to occur in summer peanuts? Common disease prevention and control technology
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