Analysis on High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Pea in Dry Land

The production of Gu Shi (including dried and fresh beans) is constantly developing due to the strong market demand. Promoting high-yield cultivation techniques with the content of "selecting good seeds, finely arable land seed treatment, timely sowing, trench planting, scientific fertilization, field management, timely harvesting, and insect-resistant storage" can achieve high benefits; therefore, small grains It is entirely possible to make a big industry.

Keywords: pea; high-yield cultivation; technical analysis. In Renshou County, the actual cultivated area was nearly 1.2 million mu at the end of 2006, including 630,000 mu of dry land. The total area of ​​Xiaochun grain crops planted throughout the year was 835,000 acres (57,000 acres of cereal peas), with a total output of 203,000 tons, of which 6,700 tons of peas accounted for 3.3%.

The main object discussed in this article is grain peas (including fresh bean production). Among the small spring grain crops, because they are more resistant to barrenness and drought than wheat, the vast majority are planted on thin slopes with more than two terraces; * the year was 122,000 mu. With the continuous adjustment of the internal structure of the planting industry in recent years, after a large number of fruits are planted on two or more unsuitable grain arable land, the pea area has declined year by year, and the output per unit area has not increased. The retail sales in Zhencheng South Market reached a record 5.6 yuan / kg.

1. Experimental setting (1) The treatment area is 15.6 mu, two dry land in shallow hills; the high-yield cultivation technology of pea in dry land is regulated.

(2) The control area is 3.1 mu, which is adjacent to two drylands, with the same varieties and treatments; using traditional techniques.

(3) The reference area is 1.3 mu, which is the adjacent two dry land. Variety Neimai No. 9 adopts the main push technology of the agricultural science and technology entry project.

2. Method to implement the self-prepared rules of "High-yield Cultivation Techniques for Dryland Pea" (1) Select the improved variety * Longpei No. 1 (99-1), which is a semi-leafless plant. * The characteristics are: short plants, short internodes, and each node The compound leaves on the node are completely transformed into tendrils, which are intertwined to form a whole, which makes the plant grow upright, strong lodging resistance, antibacterial sclerotia, and fertilizer resistance, which is conducive to improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, increasing density, and increasing individual plants. Sturdy and increase production.

Optional cold-resistant, drought-resistant, powdery mildew resistant variety Zhongpe 6 is available.

(2) The demand for soil fertility of finely cultivated peas is not very high, and loose soil is beneficial to the growth of underground parts. It should be ploughed deep with a depth of 15-20cm.

(3) Regulate the system according to the "3.25" system, planting peas at three feet, leaving blank space at two feet to plant spring corn in the coming year.

(4) Early sowing at an appropriate time and sowing in the high-yield sowing period (late October). 6 kg per mu.

(5) Seed treatment 1. Seed selection. Eliminate disease and insect grains to reduce disease and insect damage; eliminate small grains and bad grains to improve seed uniformity; eliminate mixed grains and heterochromatic grains to improve seed purity.

2. Seed soaking. Before sowing, soak the seeds with 30% saline solution for 1 hour to basically inactivate the pathogenic microorganisms on the surface of the pea; at the same time, remove the impurities and bad seeds floating on the water.

(5) Ditch sowing and dense planting should be ditched at a distance of 30cm. The suitable ditch depth is 4-6cm. Exceeding the appropriate depth will not be beneficial to the germination of pea seeds.

Spread, throw 25 seeds every 1m. To avoid the seeds get together.

(6) Scientific fertilization Scientifically fertilize according to pea demand characteristics. 1. Features of fertilizer requirement. According to the data, for every 100 kg of pea grain produced, 3.1 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.9 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.9 kg of potassium oxide are required. The ratio of the three elements is 3: 1: 1: 3.

The amount of fertilizer absorption from the emergence to the initial flowering period, the flowering period, the final flowering period to the mature three growth periods are: nitrogen 40%, 59%, 1%, phosphorus 30%, 36%, 34%; potassium 60%, 23%, 17%.

2. Fertilization technology. â‘  Reapply base fertilizer. Change the traditional pea to only use dry manure and phosphate fertilizer, and do not use water manure, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer for the application of water manure, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and a small amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer. Apply 20-30 tons of rotted farm manure per mu, 30 kg of superphosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate or 60 kg of plant ash, 5 kg of urea â‘¡ Top dressing before flowering. â‘¢ Top dressing outside roots to promote fullness of grains.

(VII) Field management 1. Cultivation and weeding.

Weeding is an important job of the Longpei No. 1 field management. Overgrown weeds, competing for glory and competing affect the yield of pea, weeding should be mainly artificial.

2. Topping and topping. Can be topped to promote branching, increase flower pods. It also sells fresh "pea tips" for vegetables.

3. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Use Banqianjing for prevention and treatment. The dosage of Banqinjing is 25-60 grams per acre, and then dilute Banqinjing into 1500-2000 times solution and spray. Spray evenly. The main disease is powdery mildew. At the beginning of the flowering period to the vigorously growing plot.

4. Chemical control. Longpi-1 is prone to yellowing of the top leaves if the nutrients are insufficient at low temperatures, and Yunda 120 can be sprayed if it occurs.

5. Remove impurities. The characteristics of this pea variety at the initial flowering stage * are obvious, and debris should be removed to ensure seed purity.

(8) When the seeds are harvested in time for use as vegetables, they are harvested in early April, shelled and marketed.

(9) Insect-proof storage When the moisture content of the grain is below 15%, it can be stored. During storage, it should be stored in the hot place, sealed at high temperature for 15-20 days, or fumigated with pesticides such as grain-protecting phosphorus.

3. Results (1) The full growth period of the traits of the variety is 178 days; it is 3 days longer than ordinary pea. The plant height is about 80cm, the plant is grayish green, the flower is white, the branch of a single plant is 1-3, the pod is 12-18, the single pod is 4-7, the weight of the 1000 kernel is about 200g, the grain is white, smooth and round.

(2) Economic traits 1. Calculated by the physiological maturity period of cereal peas. â‘  Processing. The average number of pods per mu is 194,200, the number of single fruit is 4.21, 191.4 grams, the theoretical output: 156.5 kg; 132 kg. â‘¡Control. The average number of pods per mu is 165,600, the number of single fruit is 3.87, 189.6 grams, the theoretical output: 121.4 kg; 101 kg.

2. In terms of fresh beans. According to the 6.66m2 fresh beans harvest test, â‘  treatment. The yield per mu is 872kg. â‘¡Control. The yield is 676kg per mu.

4. Brief analysis of technical and economic benefits (1) The average mu output value is 420 yuan for dry peas and 2610 yuan for fresh beans. (2) Control the average mu output value of 320 yuan for dry peas and 2030 yuan for fresh beans. (3) Economic benefits 1. Internal specific benefits. Compared with the control, the treatment increased by 31%. 2. External benefit. Compared with the reference wheat of the second platform (average output of 120 kg per mu and output value of 204 yuan per mu), the average output per mu: dry peas increased by 216 yuan, an increase of 106%; fresh beans increased by 2406 yuan, an increase of 1180%.

5. Demonstration and promotion (1) Demonstration In 2008, more than two dry land demonstrations were conducted in 6 economic communities in Zhuanti Village, Outang Township, with a total area of ​​172 mu. In the growing period, the rainfall is more than 30% lower than that of the previous year. In the case of severe drought, the average yield of dry peas per mu is 110 kg. (2) Promotion In 2009, the promotion in the whole township has reached 926 mu of dry land in two or more dry areas. Due to the weather during the growing period, the average output of dry peas per mu is 192 kg. 42% of the area is marketed with fresh beans, and the harvest is more than 3,000 yuan per mu, making it a high-efficiency crop for Xiaochun.

According to local farmers' reactions, grain peas with fresh beans as harvest will be increased in different degrees in 2011.

Practice shows that as long as the pea high-yield cultivation techniques are standardized, it is entirely possible to make small grains into a large industry.

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