Water is an extremely important component of potatoes. 90% of the plants are water, and 80% of the water is also found in the tubers. This shows that water is extremely important for sweet potatoes.
First, drought will limit the growth of roots, affect the absorption of nutrients and the growth of shoots and shoots in the shoots, reduce the photosynthetic efficiency, reduce the accumulation of dry matter, and ultimately affect the yield; secondly, drought will limit the expansion of tubers and even produce deformed potatoes; In the period of tuber formation, sudden drying and wetness will seriously affect the commercial quality of potato chips. When dry, the potato skin is prone to cork formation. When the water is sufficient, although the cork phenomenon is relieved, it is easy to occur twice. Growing, the top of the potato block grows a small potato, and the ends of the potato block are thick and thin in the middle. In addition, in the late stage of tuber growth, a more severe drought will cause brown spots inside the potato pieces, affecting the commercial quality of sweet potatoes. Moreover, during the harvest period, the soil is too dry and it is easy to damage the potato pieces.
Maintain sufficient moisture during tuber formation to increase starch content. In the dry year, the regular increase in the yield of potted water per mu can reach 24% to 36.8%, even in the stormy years, it can increase production by 0.9% to 13.9%.
Irrigation is one of the keys to ensuring high yields of sweet potatoes. Strictly control the soil moisture according to the growth demand of sweet potato in different periods, avoid “sudden dryness and wetness†and “timed quantitative†irrigation to create a good and comfortable growth environment for sweet potato. In addition, in the case of insufficient irrigation conditions, it is necessary to consider improving the drought resistance of sweet potato. The rational application of potassium fertilizer has a significant effect on improving the drought resistance of sweet potato. The seedling stage is the critical point of potassium. Appropriate supplementation of potassium fertilizer can improve the water retention capacity of the plants, and make the seedlings stand upright and strong, and the photosynthesis ability is enhanced, and the disease resistance ability is correspondingly enhanced.
Avoid excessive temperature, the growth rate of sprouts is too fast, and it is easy to form slender, thin and tall seedlings, which ultimately leads to weak growth of the whole plant and reduced disease resistance, which ultimately affects the yield and quality of the products.
When the temperature rises above 25 °C, the growth of stems and leaves begins to slow down, and when it reaches 35 °C, the plants stop growing. The environment with large temperature difference between day and night is very suitable for the accumulation of dry matter in potato chips. The relatively high temperature during the day can increase the photosynthetic efficiency, increase the amount of dry matter synthesis, and lower the temperature at night, which can reduce the consumption of dry matter by plants.
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