In the season of high temperature and high humidity, apple trees, pear trees, peach trees and other fruit trees also begin to enter the second peak period. If the high temperature and drought continue, the leaves of the fruit trees in the orchard will begin to curl, wither, and even fall off due to water loss; In orchards with poor drought resistance, fruit trees may stop growing. Dry orchards in various regions should take timely measures based on their own conditions to avoid adverse effects caused by "heatstroke".
Affecting fruit shape index and fruit size. Excessive temperature in the young fruit stage will speed up the growth of young fruit, and make the horizontal diameter of the fruit grow faster than the vertical diameter, so the fruit shape becomes flat and the fruit shape index decreases. If the young fruit is dry and lacking in water, the fruit growth will be severely inhibited, and the fruit will not grow very large even if there is sufficient water in the future.
Influencing the differentiation of flower buds, the period of flower bud differentiation of fruit trees, moderate high temperature and drought is beneficial to the early stop of the growth of fruit branches and the differentiation of flower buds. However, if the average temperature during this period is higher than 28°C and the drought is severe, the root absorption capacity of the fruit tree will be weakened, the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves will decrease, the respiration of the fruit tree will increase, and the accumulation of nutrients will decrease. At the same time, high temperature and drought reduce the growth hormone synthesis at the growth point, inhibit cell division, and unfavorable flower bud differentiation.
Affect the coloring of the fruit The fruit encounters high temperatures before ripening, especially the small temperature difference between day and night, the fruit tree has strong respiration, consumes a large amount of photosynthesis, and the carbohydrates absorbed by the fruit is insufficient, which is not conducive to fruit coloring.
High temperature affects the internal quality of the fruit, causing the tree to breathe vigorously, reducing the absorption and accumulation of carbohydrates in the fruit, reducing the soluble solids of the fruit, reducing the hardness of the fruit, and being intolerant to storage.
Severe sunburn, high temperature and drought can easily cause excessive evaporation of fruits, leaves, and bark, severe water loss, weakened transpiration, difficulty in adjusting the temperature of the tree body, and sharp increase in surface temperature, causing sunburn, severely weakened tree vigor, and fruit yield and quality reduce.
Physiological deciduous leaves Under the conditions of high temperature and drought, the photosynthesis of the leaves is reduced, the respiration is strengthened, and the senescence speed of the leaves is accelerated, especially the leaves in the inner chamber and the base of the branches, which gradually turn yellow and fall off under the condition of insufficient nutrition and water. .
Physiological diseases are aggravated due to high temperature and drought, which weaken the absorption capacity of fruit tree roots, and the decrease of soil water content reduces the content of soluble ions, which leads to aggravation of various physiological diseases such as boron and iron deficiency in fruit trees.
Diseases of branches and stems and dead trees. Severe high temperature and drought significantly reduce the water content of the bark of the branches and stems, which are prone to sunburn, leading to partial death of the bark tissue. In addition, under the conditions of high temperature and drought, the tree has less nutrient accumulation and consumption, and the tree is weak. It is very easy to cause rot disease and dry rot disease. High temperature and drought also cause a large number of surface roots to die. If watering conditions are poor or watering is not timely, it will often cause a large amount of water loss in the tree. Under severe water shortage conditions, the root system suffers the most, leading to the death of the root system until the death of the entire tree.
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