Lettuce is a common vegetable. It has a crisp taste and delicious taste. It is cultivated in all parts of China. It has strong adaptability and cold resistance. It prefers a cool climate but is not resistant to high temperatures. It is moist and requires a large amount of fertilizer. Let's talk about the high-yield cultivation techniques of lettuce.
First, production technical measures
1. Cultivation season
Spring lettuce early winter seedlings, winter planting, harvest in late spring and early summer.
Autumn lettuce is cultivated in summer, planted in summer and autumn, harvested in autumn and winter.
Winter lettuce autumn seedlings, autumn planting, winter and spring harvest.
2, the variety selection uses disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yield, strong resistance, wide adaptability, good commodity varieties. The quality of the seeds should meet the requirements of the improved varieties in GB 16715.5. Autumn lettuce should also choose medium-late maturing varieties that are heat-resistant and difficult to twitch; winter lettuce should choose cold-tolerant early-maturing varieties; early spring lettuce should choose cold-tolerant early-maturing varieties, and late spring lettuce should choose medium-late maturing varieties that are not easy to twitch.
3, nursery
Preparation before sowing
Breeding method: Autumn lettuce adopts rain-proof and insect-proof shelter to raise seedlings, and other seasons use open-field seedlings.
Nutrient soil: 2 parts of fertile soil that has not been planted in the last three years, and 1 part of the organic fertilizer that has been harmlessly treated are mixed and used. The nutrient soil is placed in the seedbed and has a thickness of about 10 cm.
sowing
Sowing date: According to local meteorological conditions and variety characteristics, choose the appropriate sowing date. Autumn lettuce is planted in August. In case of high temperature, it is suitable for late sowing to prevent uncooked convulsions; the sowing time of winter lettuce is from late August to mid-September; spring lettuce is sown from late September to early October.
Seeding rate: According to the planting density and planting season, the seedling amount for each 667m cultivation area is 50g~100g. Seeding 3g ~ 6g per m2 seedbed.
Seed treatment: The seeds of autumn lettuce must be treated at low temperature before sowing. The method is to soak the seeds for 3h~4h, wash them clean, put them into the bag and put them into the refrigerator of the refrigerator or hang them in the water surface of the well, and germinate after 3d~4d. Spring lettuce is grown, and seeds can be directly sown.
Seeding method: the bottom water is poured, and the seeds are evenly spread on the bed surface after water infiltration, covering soil 0.5cm~0.6cm.
Seedling management
And time seedlings: when the seedlings cotyledon flat time seedlings, seedling distance 1cm; 1 piece ~ 2 pieces of true leaves when the seedlings, seedlings 3cm ~ 4cm.
Post-emergence management: watering in time after seedlings, should be lightly poured. In summer, nursery should be shaded. To prevent the bed soil from drying out, it is necessary to remove the water in the seedbed in time after the rain.
Strong seedling standards: Plants are robust, leaves are free of pests and diseases, cotyledons are intact, 4 to 6 true leaves, leaves are thick, leaves are normal, no internodes, and roots are developed.
4, colonization
Preparation before planting
Fertilization principle: Performed according to NY/T 394.
Fertilization and land preparation: According to the results of soil nutrient determination and the characteristics of lettuce fertilizer, balanced formula fertilization is advocated. Under moderate fertility soil conditions, combined with land preparation, 2000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667 m2 of harmless treatment. The fertilizer is applied to the soil and mixed with the soil.
Colonization time: Autumn lettuce is colonized from the end of August to the end of September; winter lettuce is planted in October; spring lettuce is planted from early November to mid-December.
Planting density and method: The planting density should be determined according to the characteristics of the variety, climatic conditions and soil fertility. Generally, 5000 to 6000 plants of early maturity and 4000 to 4500 strains of mid-late maturity are planted per 667 m2. When planting, dig a hole and plant it. The depth is not to bury the heart. The root water is poured immediately after planting. The autumn lettuce should be planted in the evening, and the root water of the spring lettuce should be lightly poured.
Field management after planting
Slow seedling period: 2d to 3d after planting, the seedling water is poured, and then the cultivating soil is combined with the cultivating soil once or twice. In the early days of autumn lettuce growth, the weather is hot and dry, and water should be properly applied several times to keep the soil moist.
Rosette period: 1000kg of decomposed human excrement per 667m2 combined with watering.
The stage of meaty stem formation: keep the soil moist, and apply 1000kg of decomposed human excrement per 667m2 of watering. No fertilizer is applied within 20 days before harvest.
Second, pest control
The main pests and diseases: to downy mildew and aphids mainly.
Pest control principles: implementation of plant protection policy "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", give priority to the use of agricultural control, physical control, biological control, with scientific and rational use of chemical control, cauliflower pest damage control allows economic threshold, meet production safety, the purpose of high-quality green food (a grade) lettuce.
Agricultural control: rings implementation for 2 to 3 years; selection of resistant varieties; create a suitable growth condition; seedling cultivation age; balanced soil fertilization, administered harmless organic fertilizer, rational use of fertilizers; deep Takakuro prevent stagnant water; after the harvest damaged leaves and weeds time to clean, focused sound processing to keep the field clean.
Physical control: Trapping yellow plate with aphids and other insects; insect screen to prevent insects from entering the seal; trap the adult with the light trap frequency vibration.
Biological control: Protect and use natural enemies to control pests and diseases. Use pests such as Bt to control pests and diseases.
Chemical control: The provisions of NY/T 393, GB 4285 and GB/T 8321 should be strictly implemented.
Third, harvest
According to the growth of lettuce and market demand, centralized or batch harvesting will be listed. When the heart leaf of the fleshy stem is level with the tip of the highest leaf, it is suitable for harvesting.
The above is the high-yield cultivation technology of lettuce, I hope to help you, want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
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CAS541-15-1 Hot Sale High Quality L-Carnitine Powder
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Product name:
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L-Carnitine
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Appearance:
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White crystalline powder
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Purity:
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99%min
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CAS:
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541-15-1
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Molecular Formula:
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C7H15NO3
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Molecular Weight:
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161.20
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EINECS:
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208-768-0
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