The mulching technique of corn ridges and ridges is used to transform the mulch film into inter-row film, which solves the problem of dislocation of hole seedlings in ridge mulching technology. It requires artificial seedlings, mechanical operation is not matched, and the seeding quality is poor. Take the film and other issues. The technical aspects of side-deep fertilization, film mulching, fine on-demand, and soil covering are completed once, and the soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat environment are well coordinated, sowing, fertilization, detonation, cultivating, pest control, and mechanization of harvesting are realized. .
The technology has the advantages of drought resistance, temperature increase, moisture conservation, improvement of fertilizer utilization rate, winter frost resistance and freezing damage, and can alleviate the effects of spring drought and low temperature on corn. The annual temperature can be increased by 80 degrees Celsius, and the number of grains per ear is increased by 20, which is about 25% higher than that of conventional live broadcast. The yield per mu is 100 yuan higher than that of live corn.
Technical points: 1. Standard ridges change large ridges and broadcast double lines. A small ridge of 65 cm or 70 cm that is customarily cultivated is changed to a large ridge of 130 cm or 140 cm when the ground is prepared. Planting double rows of corn on large ridges, the row spacing of corn on large ridges is 35-45 cm.
2. Variety selection. Varieties suitable for mulching cultivation can be selected from late maturity, high yield, high quality and strong resistance. The standard is 10 to 15 days longer than the local live growth period, or the required accumulated temperature is 200 ° C ~ 250 ° C, or the number of leaves is 1 to 2 leaves.
3. Tilling the land, undulating the ridge. The land with deep plough layer and high fertility, water retention, fertilizer retention and good drainage requires 20 to 23 cm of ploughing, so that there is no ploughing, no standing, no sloping, squatting, squatting, and ploughing; Turn the foundation block to lift the ridge. Autumn turf is a land with good soil moisture. When it is frozen 14cm in early spring, it is timely suppressed by sputum, sputum and ridge. Spring ridge ridge refers to soft soybeans and potatoes that are generally suitable for soil moisture. Hey, first smash the deep pine ridge, then squat, ridge and suppress.
4. Fertilization technology. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and generally 1500-2000 kg per mu is used as the base fertilizer (base fertilizer). The fertilizer is applied with 6 to 7 kg of urea per acre, 20 to 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 4 to 5 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1 to 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate. After the film is uncovered, a side deep application is carried out, and urea is applied in an amount of 14 to 18 kg per mu, and the depth is 10 to 15 cm. A serious plot of underground pests, with 4 kg of 0.125% phoxim granules per acre applied with fertilizer strips.
5. Filming and sowing. After the film is covered, the temperature is stable and passed through 5 °C ~ 6 °C. After emergence or rupture of the membrane, the seedlings can avoid the freezing damage of minus 3 °C. The mulch is covered with a thickness of 0.008-0.01 mm on the large ridge, and the herbicide is blocked with the pre-emergence herbicide before the film is covered. There are two types of mulching and mulching after seeding. The plant spacing is determined by factors such as the selection of varieties, and the planting density is increased by 400-600 per acre compared with conventional cultivation.
6. Field management.
Pre-administration: After sowing, the corn is covered with one leaf and one heart to two leaves and one heart. When the seedlings are cut, the seedlings are placed, and only one plant is left in each pot (the hole). After the seedlings are placed, the seedling holes are tightly sealed with wet soil; Pre-leaf and time seedlings. If the seedlings are lacking, the same age seedlings should be replanted in time. The tube protection of the membrane should be found in the leakage pressure and the wind, and the wet soil pressure should be taken immediately; if the light transmission surface does not reach the required width, the soil should be removed. When releasing the seedlings, the soil on the membrane should be properly removed, and the water accumulated on the membrane should be introduced into the furrow.
Mid-term management: Remove the tillers in time, but avoid damage to the main stem. Use artificial or mechanical peeling film, choose sunny day morning, the topsoil is dry and not mucous membrane. The film uncovering time should be carried out when the corn leaves are closed and the film is not warmed up. Generally, the temperature is high, which may be earlier; the temperature is low, which may be later. After uncovering the film, shovel and topdress in time.
7. Comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases.
Appropriate area: The mulching cultivation technology between large ridges is suitable for the second and third accumulation temperate zones in Heilongjiang Province, and the yield increase effect is very significant in arid areas and drought years, which is more than 20% higher than that of common cultivation methods.
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