1. Environmental factor requirements for soybean intercropping in winter maize
Winter and spring light, heat, plenty of water, temperature and sunshine can meet corn, soybean growth and development needs, with good irrigation conditions, fertile soil, light texture, suitable for the development of winter crops areas.
2, between winter maize soybean structural model
(1) composite sowing rate 180cm. Winter maize small spacing 30cm, spacing 15cm, large spacing 150cm, number of trees per 667 square meters 4940; in big firms between the two kinds of soybean lines, spacing 30cm, Liumiao between 15 meters (spacing 6 ~ 7cm), and corn soybean line spacing 60cm, number of trees per 667 square meters 11,000.
(2) Composite broadcast width 210cm. Winter corn has a small row spacing of 30cm, a plant spacing of 15cm, a large row spacing of 180cm, and 4,240 plants per 667 square meters. Three rows of soybeans are planted in the large row, with a row spacing of 30cm, 15 rice seedlings, and 16,000 plants per 667 square meters.
(3) Composite broadcast 240cm. Winter corn has a small spacing of 30cm, a plant spacing of 15cm, a large spacing of 210cm, and a total of 3,700 plants per 667 square meters. In the interline, 4 rows of soybeans are planted, with a row spacing of 30cm, 15 rice seedlings, and 22,000 plants per 667 square meters. . According to the comparative analysis of the three structural models of winter maize intercropping soybeans, the production of 667 square meters per 667 square meters is higher than the composite broadcast width of 180cm, and the yield per 667 square meters of corn is 420.8kg, soybean is 68.7kg, and the composite yield is 489.5. Kg; the output value is higher than the composite broadcast width of 210cm, the composite output value per 667 square meters is 800.5 yuan, and the net output value is 627.5 yuan; the input-output ratio is higher than the composite broadcast width of 240cm, the net output value is 626.3 yuan, the physical and chemical input is 161 yuan, and the input-output ratio is 13.84. . The planting structure model should be determined based on the coordinated development of crops and market demand.
3. Technical measures for planting soybeans between winter maize
(1) Select good varieties. Excellent varieties are the internal cause of increased production. The corn is selected from compact hybrid maize varieties such as Shandan No. 2 and Zhongdan No. 2; soybeans are selected from medium-sized 661 which is suitable for three-dimensional multi-ripe planting and disease-resistant and high-yield.
(2) Sowing at the right time to improve the quality of sowing. Sowing sooner or later is closely related to yield. According to the growth of winter corn and winter soybeans, the sowing period is determined to ensure that the flowering is not affected by the cold damage. The suitable flowering period of winter maize and winter soybean in Dehong dam area is in late March, and the corresponding sowing period is from November 25 to December 20, sowing is too early, and the flowering period is susceptible to low temperature chilling; During the harvest period, there is a lot of rainfall, it is difficult to harvest, and the rice is transplanted after the impact. Seeds are selected before sowing, and the quality of good sowing is ensured to ensure that Miaoquan, Miaoqi and Miaozhuang are strong.
(3) Apply enough base fertilizer and timely topdressing. The base fertilizer is to ensure the nutrient demand of corn, soybean seedling and flowering, and it can produce seedlings early and grow strong seedlings. The type of base fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be properly applied. 1000kg of farmyard manure per 667 square meters, 25~30kg of ternary compound fertilizer for corn, and 10~15kg of ternary compound fertilizer for soybean; topdressing, In the 4~5 leaf stage of corn (after seedling), 10 kg of urea is applied per 667 square meters, 15-20 kg of urea is applied in 9-10 leaves, and 3-5 kg ​​of urea is applied in the early flowering stage of soybean.
(4) Strengthen field management. Strengthening field management is an important measure to ensure high yields. The focus of work is on cultivating weeding, fertilizing, and watering, and preventing diseases, insects, and rodents. Winter maize cultivating and weeding in the 9-10 leaf stage, winter soybean cultivating and weeding in the 5-6 leaf stage, flowering stage irrigation is a key measure to achieve high yield of winter maize intercropping soybean. As far as Dehong Prefecture is concerned, the rainfall in the middle and late March is relatively small. The water requirement for winter maize and winter soybean flowering during irrigation is conducive to improving yield and quality. The soy planting pattern of winter maize intercropped soybeans with high stalk roots and soybeans with short stem roots, which expanded the absorption range of roots, increased the green layer, and made full use of light, temperature, time and space. Land and light energy utilization. Because the two kinds of crops have different nutrient types, they have the effect of nutrient difference, and the combination of land use and land reclamation; the high and short collocation of the two crops has the advantage of side-line advantage compensation, which can reflect the complementary relationship of the compound group and improve the relationship. Yield per unit area and benefits.
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