1. Tree management
Sweet Cherry Summer Field Management
After removing the plastic film, the sweet cherry still has a lot of growth in the summer and autumn, especially the upright new shoots on the back of the main branch and the main side branches on the upper part of the crown. Cause the lower branches to weaken or even die. Therefore, the strong and strong branches on the back that seriously affect the ventilation and light transmission in the crown can be partly removed from the base, but not all, so as not to over-develop or open the flower buds. For fruiting branches, they can be retracted or partially removed or lightly cut at the branch. For the remaining erect, vigorous and new shoots, it is necessary to carry out multiple branches treatment during semi-lignification to ease the growth momentum, and then decide to stay when pruning the following year.
2. Prevention of plant diseases and insect pests
The diseases that are easy to occur in summer and autumn are mainly various leaf spot diseases and gum disease. Leaf spot disease is the most serious disease that occurs after the removal of the membrane. Leaf spot disease damages the leaves, causing the leaves to become scorched and perforated to fall off, resulting in secondary flowering. Glue disease causes the tree to weaken, and in serious cases, dead trees. The prevention and treatment of various leaf spot diseases need to be sprayed before the onset of the disease. Generally, from June to late August, spray 2 to 3 times 1: 2: 240 times the amount of Bordeaux solution, spray 1 to 2 times 75% generation of mansonite Zinc 800 times solution, or 50% carbendazim 600 times solution is sprayed alternately, with an interval of about 20 days.
For the prevention of convective gum disease, in addition to requiring the main trunk and main branches to be evenly sprayed each time the fungicide is sprayed, the convective gum parts should be scraped in time and thoroughly, and 10 parts of quicklime, 1 part of sulfur sulfur mixture, 0.3 parts of vegetable oil, and 20 water ～ 30 times into a protective agent, apply to the wound. The main pests that are prone to occur are Tetranychus urticae (white spider), leaf curler, pear borer (breastworm), various caterpillars, inchworm, leaf moth, chafer and mulberry scale.
Tetranychus urticae is the most harmful insect pest that occurs after removal of the membrane. It can be sprayed with 4000% solution of 1.8% azimectin emulsifiable concentrate or 3000% solution of 10% egg mite dead net suspension agent in time; Leaf insects, spiny moths, inchworms and scarabs are caught manually in time, and trap lights (black light lamps) and sweet and sour liquids are used to trap and kill adults during the adult occurrence period; if artificial control is not timely, chemical control can be used to remove 20% Diflubenzuron suspension 2000 times solution, or 20% fenvalerate EC 2000 times solution; 25% chlorbenzuron No. 3 1500 times solution for prevention and control of leaf moths; manual scraping at any time when mulberry scales occur; occurrence When the red-necked longhorn beetle (Ha worm) worms dry, find the worm holes, use a wire to kill or hook out the feces, insert 1g aluminum phosphide tablets, or insert a cotton ball dipped in dichlorvos and seal the worm holes with slime strict. The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should be based on the principle of prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control, and adhere to the prevention and control methods mainly based on agricultural prevention, artificial prevention and physical prevention, and supplemented by chemical agents.
3. Drought prevention and drainage
Sweet cherry has a shallow root distribution and is sensitive to moisture, neither drought nor flood resistant. Therefore, the principle of water management is to water less and diligently to keep the leaves from wilting. The tree tray should not accumulate water for a long time. Pay attention to prevent waterlogging in the rainy season. The accumulation of water in sweet cherries for more than one day and night will cause different degrees of waterlogging, which will affect the yield of the next year and even the phenomenon of dead trees. Before the rainy season comes, dig a drainage ditch between the rows and the front foot. The drainage ditch between the rows is connected to the front foot drainage ditch to allow the water in the garden to be discharged smoothly.
4. Weeding and mulching
Cultivation can improve soil aeration, reduce soil moisture evaporation, prevent soil compaction, and deepen root distribution; weeding can reduce soil nutrient consumption. Therefore, after each rainfall and irrigation, it is necessary to carry out cultivating loose soil, the cultivating depth is 5 ~ 10cm. In the production of facility cherries, the ground cover grass management is advocated. Covering grass can inhibit the growth of weeds and reduce the evaporation of ground water, and increase the content of soil organic matter. It can be covered with wheat straw, bean straw, corn straw, straw and wild weeds. The grass coverage is about 30,000 kg / hm2 or more, and the thickness is 10-20 cm. The mulching should be carried out after cultivating the loose soil and turning the decaying grass underground into the winter.
5. Apply base fertilizer in early autumn
The fertilization time is from late August to early September. The basic fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium quick-acting fertilizer. Strips or ring-shaped trenches are formed outside the tree tray. The trenches are 40cm deep and 30cm wide. Each plant is applied with 100-150kg of organic fertilizer. After adding 100g of urea, 200g of superphosphate and 100g of potassium sulfate, the mixture is applied and covered with soil in time.
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