Release date: 2015-10-16
Thousands of blind people, they are moving in the darkness, they can't see the light, but they feel the world with their hearts! They can't see the world, but they use love to appreciate life. On the occasion of the 32nd International Day of the Blind, Xiao Bian hereby counts some breakthrough techniques for treating blindness in recent years, hoping to bring the gospel to thousands of patients.
status quo
According to the latest international medical ophthalmology seminar, the global increase of 1 million blind people every year, experts estimate that if the trend of blindness and visual impairment continues, the number of blind people will double by 2020. Developing countries are even more important, with nine out of ten blind people living in developing countries. According to statistics, there are about 7 million blind people in China. The most common blinding eye diseases include cataracts, corneal diseases, glaucoma and retinal degenerative diseases (such as age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa), of which retinal degeneration diseases account for more than 1/3. . Commonly used ophthalmic examinations and treatments include fundus fluorescein angiography, eye microsurgery, glaucoma pathogenesis and surgery, modern cataract and intraocular lens implantation, glass resection, and refractive error surgery.
Breakthrough technology
With the development of science and technology, biological technology has penetrated into various fields. Nowadays, gene therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation and other methods are increasingly favored by medical researchers, and these technologies have been published in cancer, genetic diseases and other major diseases. In recent years, research has also applied gene therapy and stem cell transplantation to treat blindness, opening up new avenues to help patients see the light again.
Gene therapy for blindness has made new breakthroughs
Gene therapy, with a simple genetic surgery, can make thousands of uninfected blind people see the light again. It is the use of healthy genes to fill or replace some of the missing or pathological genes in genetic diseases. The current gene therapy is to take some cells from the patient and then use the retrovirus that is harmless to the human body as a carrier to put normal The genes are grafted onto the virus, and these viruses are used to infect the extracted human cells, allowing them to insert normal genes into the chromosomes of the cells, so that the human cells can "get" the normal genes to replace the original abnormal genes. It can be used to treat many genetic diseases.
The first trial of gene therapy for blindness was conducted in 2007. The subjects were 10 volunteers with Rayber's congenital cataract. The volunteers had mutations in the PRE65 gene. The researchers injected a harmless virus carrying the RPE65 normal copy gene into the eye of the subject. After receiving treatment, some patients began to see the fingers waving in front of the eyes, and even read the six lines of information on the chart, while others were able to perform obstacle-crossing training in dim light, and the researchers applied to the FDA for the gene. Therapy is used to treat Rayber's congenital cataract.
In January 2014, a team led by Professor Robert Mac Laren of the University of Oxford made a sensation in the medical profession in the UK by reconstructing defective genes on the retina of patients with Choroideremia. The researchers re-visited the patient by injecting the target gene CHM expressing the REP-1 protein into the patient's retina and successfully expressing it. Related research results were published in The Lancet. Although the method of gene therapy for blindness has historically been rare, its precedent for successful treatment of patients without choroids will continue to be extended to other types of blindness.
Stem cell transplantation for blindness
Two articles published in the Lancet as early as 2012 and 2014 demonstrate that cells differentiated from human embryonic stem cells can be safely injected into the cavity behind the retina for the treatment of macular degeneration. Scientists first differentiated human embryonic stem cells into RPE cells, and then injected RPE cells into the patient's eyes, hoping that transplanted RPE cells could "root" in the patient's eyes, replacing RPE cells that had lost function, thus avoiding more Apoptosis of multiple retinal cells. After treatment, the visual acuity of the three patients improved. Standard visual acuity tests showed that the three patients could see two or four lines of letters, but the 79-year-old patient with age-related macular degeneration had little improvement.
On September 12 last year, the research team of the Japan Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) announced that they used retinal cells from iPS cells that could develop into a variety of cells and transplanted them to a female patient with exudative age-related macular degeneration. In the right eye. This is the world's first transplant operation using iPS cells. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the afternoon of September 18 of the same year. According to the hospital, the patient had no complications and the situation was good. The patient will continue to the hospital for treatment, and the surgical team will evaluate the safety and efficacy of the transplanted cells for about one year.
In September of this year, CCTV13 "News Live Room" reported that China's Third Military Medical University has successfully carried out stem cell transplantation surgery in the world, opening up new therapeutic approaches for patients with hemorrhagic age-related macular degeneration. The National 973 Program, chaired by Professor Yin Zhengqin of the Third Military Medical University, is the treatment of such blinding eye diseases using embryonic stem cell transplantation technology. The treatment method first removes the hemorrhagic lesion, and then transplants the human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells to the lesion. Professor Yin Zhengqin said: "The patient's recovery in the past month is very good, the vision can reach 0.15, and the occlusion is eliminated."
According to reports, the first patient in the UK has undergone surgery for groundbreaking human embryonic stem cells, and doctors hope to be effective against a blindness caused by common causes. According to a statement issued, a 60-year-old female patient with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was performed at the Moorfields Eye Hospital in London this September. The surgery. Surgery was considered successful and no complications have been seen so far.
Message:
With the development of science, the technology for treating blindness is constantly updated. From the genetic and cellular perspectives, it is a big leap in technology. I hope that the advancement of technology can bring good news to thousands of blind people, and they are clear. world.
Source: Bio-Exploration
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