The use of chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers to control pests and diseases of crop plants is not only economical, safe and effective, but also has the characteristics of fertilizing and not damaging natural enemies, and does not pollute the environment. It can be described as a multiplication process, and it is worth promoting in production.
Nitrogen fertilizer
Ammonium hydrogencarbonate such as ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water has strong volatility, and has certain irritating, corrosive and fumigating effects on pests, and is particularly effective against insect pests such as spider mites, aphids, and thrips, which have small body shape and weak endurance. Application method: spray evenly with 1% ammonium bicarbonate or 0.5% ammonia solution, spray once every 5 to 7 days, and spray 2 to 3 times.
Urea has the effect of destroying the chitin of insects. It is prepared by mixing urea, washing powder and water in a ratio of 4:1:400. It is used to kill locusts, cabbage caterpillars and red spiders that damage cotton, vegetables and flowers. And other pests have good control effect. In the sporadic occurrence of wheat rust, spraying with 50% urea or 3% aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate works well.
Phosphate fertilizer
The oxalic acid secreted by the glandular hairs on the cotton head has an attractive effect on the cotton bollworm moth. In the adult stage of the cotton bollworm, the 1% to 2% superphosphate calcium leaching solution is used as the foliar spray fertilizer, and the oxalic acid can be changed to calcium oxalate and lost. The lure of Helicoverpa armigera led to a drop of 33.3% to 73.4% in the amount of eggs laid in the cotton field. The duration of each spray of phosphorus is generally 2 to 3 days.
Tomato umbilical rot is a physiological disease caused by calcium deficiency in plants. From the initial flowering stage of tomato, 1% superphosphate leaching solution was used. Spraying once every half month and spraying 2 or 3 times can significantly prevent the occurrence of umbilical rot.
Potash fertilizer
Potassium can enhance the stress resistance of crops, and increasing potassium fertilizer has an inhibitory effect on the occurrence of various crop diseases and insect pests. The potassium fertilizer that is most directly used to control crop pests and diseases in production is ash.
Use 10 kg of plant ash to 50 kg of water, soak for 24 hours and then filter and take the filtrate to spray. It can effectively kill the aphids on the crop; in the cotton seedling stage, 20-25 kg of ash per plant will be used to increase the temperature and reduce the temperature. Cotton blight, anthrax, red rot, etc.; before planting furrows of onions, garlic, or leeks, apply 20 kg of plant ash per acre to the bottom of the ditch or sprinkle with per acre at the seedling stage of onions such as onion, garlic, and leek. 15 kg of vegetation ash, and then scratching and covering the soil, can significantly reduce the damage caused by root boring, and increase the yield of vegetables by 15% to 20%; in the early occurrence of wheat sheath blight 30 to 40 kg of ash per acre, in the morning dew did not dry When the ridge was spread at the base of the wheat plant, it had a certain effect on controlling the spread of the disease. For the fruit trees with root rot, the root soil was first dug, the root bark of the disease was scraped off, and the plants were lightly dried and each plant was buried with 2.5 to 5 kg of plant ash. After a disease tree of 1 to 2 months, new roots can be issued.
Silicon calcium fertilizer
After the application of silicon-calcium fertilizer, most of the silicon accumulates in the epidermis cells of the crop, forming a very hard epidermis layer, thereby enhancing its ability to resist pathogens and pests. According to statistics, the application of 30 to 40 kg of silicon-calcium fertilizer per acre for corn, soybeans, and other crops can significantly reduce the damage of corn borer and soybean meal; the use of silicon-calcium fertilizers in rice can increase the degree of silicification of epidermal cells, thus resisting pests and diseases. The capacity was significantly increased, the grain weight increased, the yield increased by 10% to 50%, the incidence of rice blast disease decreased by 0.3% to 19%, and the incidence index decreased by 0.5% to 13.9%.
Zinc fertilizer
The spraying of 0.05%-0.1% zinc sulphate solution once after the slow-growing planting of sweet pepper and the result period can reduce the occurrence of virus disease and significantly increase the fruit setting rate and fruit weight, and increase production by 15% to 37%.
Manganese fertilizer
The use of trace element manganese in seed dressing of Chinese cabbage, or 0.1% to 0.2% manganese sulfate solution in the Chinese cabbage seedling stage, rosette stage and filling period, has a significant control effect on Chinese cabbage heart disease. Increase production by 10% to 18%, and improve the quality of Chinese cabbage.
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