The mutton sheep is one of the most adaptable animals in the external environment. It has a wide range of food habits, resistance to roughage, and strong resistance to stress. Meat sheep has the characteristics of high meat production, lean meat, and high protein content. In recent years, domestic and international market demand for lamb meat is good, and the breeding efficiency is good. This issue introduces a group of autumn mutton breeding techniques for farmers' reference.

Building sheep houses

The sheep house should be constructed in a place with high elevation, good ventilation, good drainage, and convenient water supply. The sheep house can be built in closed or semi-closed style in combination with the actual situation of the sheep farm. The sheep house should be well-lit, well-ventilated, and keep the air fresh. The temperature in winter should be maintained at 1°C-5°C. In the winter, it should be properly grassed and replaced regularly. The size of the area should be based on the number of sheep, the height is generally 2.5 to 3 meters, width 7 to 8 meters, the length of the sheep may be. Shemen should be wider, generally 2 to 2.5 meters, 2 meters high. Cheng Yang each accounted for an area of ​​0.8 to 1.2 square meters, bred sheep 0.7 to 0.8 square meters, the lamb is 0.5 to 0.6 square meters, late pregnancy or pre-lactation ewes and lambs need about 2.2 to 2.5 square meters. Lambs room should be set aside when building sheep houses. The number of lambs can be calculated from 20% to 25% of the total number of ewes. The area of ​​each lamb ewes is 2 to 2.5 square meters.

When building a semi-enclosed sheep house, it is necessary to reserve a sports field in front of the sheep house so that it can be used to cover the plastic film warm house in winter, which is both sunny and warm. The length of the stadium is the same as the sheep house, and the area should be 3 times the size of the sheep house. If the sheep house is semi-closed, the playground can be smaller. The ground of the stadium should have a certain slope, and it should not be filled with rain. The height of the fence or wall is 1.2 to 1.5 meters.

Breeding

To select breeds with better meat production, wool production, and lamb performance, they can be improved by optimizing the herd structure and eliminating inferior lambs. Adhere to the principle of time (time), due to market conditions and gradual progress, optimize the structure of herds and increase economic efficiency.

Because the farms have different breeds, different amounts, and different developments, they have different selection methods and different proportions of choice. However, they should consider the three stages of birth, weaning, and ageing as well as reproductive performance and offspring growth. Ewes should be selected according to the elimination rate of 15% to 20% and the retention rate of 35% to 40%. Rams introduced Suffolk, Dorset, Boer goats, Small Tail Han sheep and other fine varieties according to the situation, and generally do not choose their own breeding. Its age structure is maintained at 15% to 20% in young sheep (0.5 to 1.5 years old), 65% to 75% in young sheep (1.5 to 4 years old), and 10% to 20% in 5 year olds. The proportion of ewe reaches 65% to 70%, of which 45% to 50% can be fertile. The greater the proportion of ewe, the higher the rate of slaughter, the better the economic benefits.

Breeding management

In order to obtain lambs with good wool production and good meat performance, the mating species must select good varieties of rams for mating. Through reasonable matching of male and female rams, scientific breeding methods can be used to achieve superior matching and full deployment. For this breed of mating species, to master the ratio of rams to ewes, it is generally necessary to use at least 3 rams per 100 ewes. If there are fewer than 3 rams, it may cause some ewes to feel empty.

Artificial breeding If you want to get a better quality of lamb offspring, you can choose breeds of sheep frozen ejaculates such as Demeimei, Texel, and Dorset. Ewe life is generally 10 to 15 years, pregnancy is 145 to 152 days, 1 to 5 per baby birth. If artificial insemination is used, equipment such as sperm collection, insemination, and seminal dilution should be prepared and technicians perform artificial insemination. Artificial insemination can greatly improve the utilization rate of high-quality rams. Generally, each breeding ram can be equipped with 200 to 500 sheep in a breeding season.

Artificial breeding can fully and effectively use high-quality rams, and artificially control the lambing season and breeding frequency. Ectopic control techniques such as estrus can also be used to allow the ewes to focus on estrus in a timely manner and to breed in a shorter period of time. The rate of fertility and the rate of mating are higher, so that the ewes of the appropriate age will be fully equipped to improve the quality of the lamb.

Regardless of the method used for breeding, attention must be paid to the mating record of each ewe, and the mating date of the sheep should be recorded to calculate its expected date of production. Generally, the gestation period of sheep is about 150 days, and individual advances and delays will occur. If the ewe is not bred in one of its estruss, it will generally return to heat in about 17 days.

Pregnancy Management In order to ensure that the entire group of ewes is bred with species and breeds, it is important to pay special attention to the feeding of high-quality blue and concentrated feeds and carrots containing multiple vitamins to the rams during the estrus season. Pay attention to the feeding and management of pregnant ewes to prevent the miscarriage of ewes. When grazing, it is necessary to walk steadily, to slow down, not to chase after, not to fight, not to scare, to skip the trenches, not to take the ice-slip path, not to drink ice and water, and not to get in and out of the circle to prevent miscarriages caused by various factors.

According to the ewes mating period of the budget expected to produce a period of time, according to the ewes of the ewes to judge their maturation period. For example, ewes swollen and flushed a few days before the onset of labor, sometimes with thick mucus, and the ewes are disturbed. Sometimes they look back at the abdomen, often relying on the walls and lying on the ground, sometimes the limbs are shaved or stretched out, and the armpits are sunken. According to the situation, the pre-production ewes should be left at home for a few days in advance to be produced, and the ewes should be taken care of during the pre-production period to prevent the production of the lambs in the wild or in large sheds. A good environment should be created for the lambs of the ewes, and a clean, dry, warm lambing room should be provided. The interior is covered with clean grass and the room temperature is not lower than 5°C. At the same time, equipment for lambs and essential medicines such as wool, water basins, pots and iodine should be provided.

Feed Management

For example, adopting flexible grazing methods, first, group grazing, divide flocks into small groups according to age, sex, and size, each group number ranging from 50 to 100. Fattening sheep, bred sheep grass group grazing, breeding ewes Rams are grazing in the area; the second is based on the characteristics of the sheep's feeding, and the method of retrieving the grazing in the slicing round is to let the sheep grazing in the place where past grazing was done after the daily grazing, and when the sheep eats half full, Graze on fresh pastures and wait until the sheep are not eating. Then let go and use the “starry sky” method to get the sheep full. This kind of "Mr. after-ripening, first tight after loosening, and three full-days on one day" combined with two slow seasons (slower grazing in spring and autumn) and three persistence (sticking to group grazing, early and late returning, and second drinking) and Sansei ( Grazing, drinking water, and stabilizing) and four defenses (protection against run-green, barrages, damage prevention, and disease prevention) are conducive to grazing herding and breeding herd.

Sheep farms are now adopting house-raising sheep, and reasonable use of forages and fodder can save pastoral work and increase technical efforts. If combined with grazing and feeding, in addition to grasping grass grazing, it is also necessary to plant large amounts of alfalfa and other high-quality pasture, storage and silage straws, and to strengthen supplementation of lambs and field sheep.

In the late pregnancy and pre-lactation period, the ewes will be given reasonable supplements, while doing a good job of drinking water, salt and sanitation. Feeds are based on pasture and season, ewes and coarse concentrates, typically 51% corn, 8% bran, 23% cake, 10% alfalfa meal, 3% bone meal, 2% salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3%, usually 0.5-0.7 kilograms per day, supplemented 2 times in the morning and evening, and give an appropriate amount of quality forage. Observe the status of the ewe carefully before going to labor, and special personnel are on duty in the evening and follow the production. After the lamb is born, it is intensively cultivated to ensure that multiple lambs are breast-fed.

10 to 14 days after the birth of the lamb, the supply of quality forage and compound feed is started. The amount of supplementary feed and the amount of feed are determined by the sheep. Most of the lamb supplements are: 50-70 grams per day for 2 weeks, 1 to 2 The age of the month is 100-150 grams, 200 grams for 2 to 3 months, 250 grams for 3 to 4 months, and 300 to 500 grams for 4 to 6 months. The concentrate consists of 40% corn, 25% cake, 25% alfalfa, 8% bran, 2% bone meal, and salt.

Disease prevention and treatment

In addition to routine vaccination, medicinal baths are performed after shearing, and insects are killed every spring and autumn. At the same time, in front of the sheds in the active venues, it is sterilized with vegetation and wood ash, and the abnormal or diseased sheep are treated with isolation to reduce morbidity and mortality.

It is necessary to inject four vaccines and five vaccines in spring and autumn to prevent sheep epidemics, lamb dysentery, delirium, enterotoxemia and epidemic. Each year immunizations are performed with a vaccine for attenuating goat pox to prevent sheep pox. Two times a year, a foot-and-mouth vaccine is injected to prevent foot-and-mouth disease. In the spring and autumn, anthelmintic drugs are used to prevent goat liver palate, etc., and drugs such as albendazole, nitroprusside, and thiodichlorodichlorophenol can be used.

Every 10 to 15 days after the sheep shears the sheep, the sheep are given a medicinal bath after cutting. According to the number of sheep can choose to use the pool, cauldron or large wooden trough. The medicine used in the medicinal bath can be formulated with 0.025% lindane solution, 0.05% phoxim solution, and 0.5% solution of trichlorfon. Meal bath should pay attention to grasp the concentration of liquid medicine; drink enough water before the medicated bath, do not put, do not feed; after the drug bath sheep rushed to the shade and rest in the shade, not on the sun exposure, to ensure the safety of the sheep.

When grazing in the wild, sheep poisoned when they mistakenly eat poisonous grass and wild rotting substances contaminated with pesticides. The symptoms are mouth foaming, purple nose and mouth, and shortness of breath. At this point should be an emergency rescue, first with a knife piercing the sheep's ear to make it bleed, or let the sheep mouth with wooden sticks, discharge the venom through saliva, and then shed 5 eggs, subcutaneous injection of atropine 2 ~ 5 ml.

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