Nickel (Ni) is one of the most widely used metals due to its high temperature and low temperature corrosion resistance and strength. It is most commonly used in the production of steel and is an important component in a variety of other alloys. Also used in electronics, electroplating and rechargeable batteries. These different uses require nickel of varying purity, requiring high purity nickel in some applications, and low grade nickel for other applications.
The London Metal Exchange (LME) has issued different specifications for nickel with different metal impurities. The focus of this paper is on the analysis of impurities in nickel using the PerkinElmer Avio ® 500 ICP emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), using the "Material Nickel Requirements" as a guide for the element to be tested and the desired concentration.

Experimental part

  • sample
All analyses were performed in 1% Ni solution to simulate a pure Ni digestion solution (media 5% nitric acid (v / v)). In order to check the accuracy of the method, the spiked recovery experiment was carried out according to the content specified in the “Nickel Standard Specification” (99.80%) and “Required Nickel Requirements”. The test was carried out using an external standard method at a concentration level of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm mixed standard solution and the medium was 5% nitric acid.
  • instrument
Tested with the Avio 500 ICP-OES, standard injection system configuration and parameters were used for all analyses. The torch position is set to -4. The Avio 500's simultaneous two-way viewing capability and low argon consumption (total 9 liters per minute) provide significant cost savings when considering argon costs.

Results and discussion

Table 3 shows the ASTM standard specification for 99.80% (wt%) nickel and the concentration of each element in the 1% Ni solution (equivalent to 100-fold dilution). All recoveries after adding the mixed standard solution to the 1% Ni solution were within ±10%, indicating that the instrument was able to accurately measure these elements at low concentrations. Bi and Sn are subject to significant spectral interference from the Ni matrix. Modeling using multi-line fitting (MSF) removes the effects of interference to meet measurement accuracy.

  • in conclusion

This paper demonstrates that the PerkinElmer Avio 500 ICP-OES accurately analyzes impurities in high purity Ni (1% Ni solution simulation) in accordance with the pure nickel requirements of the London Metal Exchange. By using MSF to overcome the spectral interference of high matrix samples, all element detection limits are within the specified range.



references
1. "Special Contract Rules for Primary Nickel", The London
Metal Exchange.
2. "Multicomponent Spectral Fitting"", Technical Note,
PerkinElmer, 2016.

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