At present, the widely planted chestnut pumpkin is divided into two types: green skin and red skin. The melon shape is flat or round, and the single melon weighs 1-5 kg. The first flower starts from the 8th to the 12th. Harvesting, the whole growth period is 90-110 days, and the average yield per mu is 1500-2000 kg. The most widely used varieties in South China are:

Red-skin varieties: “Dongsheng”, “Rising”, “Chimwoo”, “Orange Red No.1”, “Orange Red No.2”, “Golden Star”, “Red Chestnut”, “Red Sakura”, “Japanese Red Sweet” "Chestnut", "Red Sun", "Golden Red Honey", "Gusu Chestnut Pumpkin" and so on.

Green skin varieties: "Spring wild chestnut", "癞可丽", "青栗栗", "Japanese sweet chestnut" and so on.

First, suitable sowing period

Early spring planting: mid-February nutrition cup greenhouse seedling, seedling age 30-40 days; spring planting: mid-March-April nutrient cup small arch shed seedlings, seedling age 30 days or so; autumn planting: late June - early July Sowing, nutrition cup shading net seedlings, seedling age 15-20 days.

Second, seed treatment

Seeds are first scalded with 50 ° C - 55 ° C warm water for 5-10 minutes, while stirring to 30 ° C, soaking seeds for 4-8 hours, and then disinfecting with 2000 times potassium permanganate or 800 times bactericidal fungicides 10 - 20 minutes, finally rinsed with clean water and wrapped in wet gauze, placed in the temperature of 25 ° C - 30 ° C under the conditions of germination, during the period should be frequently turned over, and washed with warm water 2-3 times, about 2 to 3 days to sprout, wait The buds can be planted with a length of 0.2-0.4 cm.

Third, nutrient soil preparation and sowing

Nutritional soil using pond mud or rice field topsoil and decomposed pigs and cattle manure in a ratio of 3:1, then adding 3%-5% potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer, fully mixed and simmered for 10-15 days cups, nutrition The cup size is 8 cm 8 cm, and each cup of seed is germinated with good buds. The seed bud tip is downward, and then covers 0.5-1 cm thick fine soil, and then the water is poured.

Fourth, seedling management

Before the spring sowing, the seedlings are mainly based on heat preservation. After emergence, if there are too many water drops in the shed or high temperature on the sunny day, it is necessary to pay attention to the film ventilation; Remove the film from 7 to 10 days before planting in the spring, and apply the bactericidal medicine once.

V. Site preparation and planting

15-20 days before transplanting, the land was deeply turned into a sorghum with a width of 1 m and a height of 25-30 cm. The width of the ditch was 60 cm to prevent water staining in the field. Mu-based base fertilizer decomposed pig cattle pen manure 2000-2500 kg, potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer 50 kg or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 50 kg, strip application or acupoint application. Each line is planted in the middle of the raft, and the frame is cultivated. The planting distance of spring plants is 0.8 meters, about 500 plants per mu; the planting distance of autumn plants is 0.5-0.6 meters, and about 800 plants are planted.

Six, scaffolding and pruning

In order to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, the old melon is evenly colored, and should be promoted for frame cultivation. Generally, a herringbone frame or a scissor frame is used, and a bamboo raft is pulled between the frame and the frame so that the support is firm and 7-10 days after transplanting. Start to erect, and promptly vines, tied vines on the shelves. Generally, the two vines are used, that is, when the main vines are 3 to 5 true leaves, the toppings are selected, and two vigorously growing vines are selected, and each vine is 1-2 pieces, and all the buds before the first melon are erased.

Seven, fertilizer management

10-18 days after transplanting, chase the first fat, and use 5-10 kg of leaching solution of manure or manure potassium ternary compound fertilizer; the first melon is stabilized, and the potassium ternary compound fertilizer is used for 20 ―25 kg for water drenching or shallow hole for 1-2 times. Spring planting pumpkins should do well in the field to prevent waterlogging; autumn planting pumpkins should pay attention to watering and drought resistance.

Eight, flower protection fruit

1. Artificial pollination: pumpkin is the same plant, and spring planting, flowering rainy days, natural pollination rate is low (generally 25.9%), so artificial aided pollination plays an important role in improving seed setting rate (up to 72.6%) ). The specific method is: picking male flowers at 8-10 in the morning of flowering, tearing off the petals, and gently touching the stamens to the stigma of the flowering female flowers. Generally, the first female flower does not leave melon, and the second and third female flowers are suitable for melon.

2, hormone preservation: use 10-20 mg / kg of 2,4-D in the flowering of female flowers or the day before flowering with a clean brush or cotton swab to smear the fruit handle and ovary, to prevent falling flowers and fruit.

Nine, pest control

1, the main pests: mainly mites, samovar, tigers, yellow squash, etc., can be killed by trichlorfon, imidacloprid, dimethoate, ketone, quick-killing and killing pesticides.

2, the main diseases: mainly viral diseases, powdery mildew, downy mildew, epidemics, etc., while doing a good job in agricultural control, according to the requirements of pollution-free cultivation, different diseases use different chemicals for prevention and treatment. Such as: anthrax, you can choose 70% cream ç–½ WP 500 times solution, or 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times solution and 75% chlorothalonil WP 500 times solution; % frostbite copper wettable powder 800 times liquid, or 72.2% Plex water agent 600-800 times liquid, or 64% anti-virus hydrating powder 500 times liquid for prevention and control; downy mildew can choose 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc Wettable powder 800 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, or 64% anti-virus WP WP 400-500 times solution; virus disease can choose virus K800 times solution + 5% bacteria poison water 400 times of the agent, sprayed once every 7 days in the early stage of the disease, and sprayed 2-3 times.

Ten, timely harvest

The tender melon was harvested 10-15 days after the flowering, and the old melon was harvested 1-2 cm long after 35-40 days after the flowering.

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