There are many people who raise sheep now, but how to raise the ewes, the management of the breeding season is the key. Breeding ewes can be divided into empty period, gestation period and lactation period according to physiological stage. Strengthening the management of breeding ewes is the key to developing flocks, improving quality and improving efficiency. Based on this, some experts have elaborated the feeding management points of breeding ewes in different periods for reference.
1. Empty feeding management
This period of time from the weaning of the lamb to the ewe before receiving the breeding and receiving the fetus is usually empty, usually about 3 months. Of course, the duration of the empty period will vary with the lambing season. The ewes that produce winter lambs are in the period of 5 to 7 months, and the spring lambs have an empty period of 8 to 10 months.
Ewes generally mature at 6-8 months of age, early maturing varieties reach sexual maturity 2 months earlier, but the ewe body body development is not yet mature, and the ewes need to consume a lot of nutrients during pregnancy, premature breeding It affects its own growth and development, and is not conducive to fetal development. During this period, the lambs produced will have small birth weight, weak constitution and high mortality. Therefore, it is best to select well-developed ewes to start breeding at 8 to 10 months of age.
This period of breeding before the ewes is mainly to ensure that the ewes have a good body condition, to ensure that they can normally estrus, ovulate and conceive. Whether the nutritional conditions are good or not determines whether the ewes can normally estrus and conceive. Therefore, short-term superior feeding should be given 45 days before breeding to ensure that the ewes get enough protein, vitamins and minerals. This can guarantee the conception rate of the ewes, the survival rate of the lambs, and improve the production efficiency.
2. Feeding management during pregnancy
The management of ewes during pregnancy is focused on ensuring good fetal development. In the first 3 months of pregnancy, the fetus receives less nutrients from the mother. As the fetus grows and develops, the demand for nutrients is increasing. In the late stage of pregnancy, it is a critical period for the body shape, weight, and hair density of the fetus. At this time, it should be carefully raised. On the basis of conventional feeding, the concentrate should also be supplemented as appropriate. In the breeding sheep farm, the ewes generally have good production performance and are equipped with a feed base, which can be supplemented according to the nutritional needs of the ewes. For individual farmers and economic sheep farms, forages are generally scarce, and can be carried out on the principle of priority care and key development.
In addition, the management of feeding during pregnancy should also pay attention to the following points:
2.1 Strengthen the management of pregnant ewes. Strengthen nursing measures to prevent all problems that can induce miscarriage and premature birth. It is strictly forbidden to catch and disturb the flock without reason, and try not to arrange vaccination work in the late stage of pregnant ewes. Strengthen the feeding supervision, it is strictly forbidden to feed the moldy and degraded, frozen feed, and it is strictly forbidden to drink ice slag on an empty stomach. Strengthening grazing management, grazing and returning to animal husbandry are carried out in an orderly manner. It is strictly forbidden to trample on and crowd with each other, and it is not allowed to jump over the cliffs or jump in the special period.
2.2 Pre-pregnancy (about 3 months), due to the slow development of the fetus, less nutrients are needed, generally grazing or giving enough grass, the right amount of supplement can meet the needs.
2.3 At the end of pregnancy, when the fetus grows rapidly, 90% of the lamb's birth weight is increased in the late gestation of the ewes. If the nutrition is insufficient at this stage, the lamb will have a small birth weight, weak resistance and easy death. And the ewes are lack of milk because they are not good at estrus, and they are not ready for lactation during the lactation period. Therefore, at this time, supplementary feeding should be strengthened. In addition to grazing, each sheep needs to supplement 450g of concentrate, 1~1.5kg of hay, 1.5kg of silage, and 15g of salt and bone powder. For pregnant ewes must be high quality forage, pay attention to the fetus.
2.4 Ewes in the late pregnancy, especially before delivery, management should be particularly careful. For example, the ewe's armpit is sunken, the abdomen is drooping, the breast is swollen, the vulva is swollen, the mucus is flowing out, often lying in the corner of the wall, frequent urination, uneasy movements, lying up, constantly looking back, making a bark, etc. It is the performance of the ewes before they are born. At the same time, carry out a general cleaning of the sheep house and the delivery bar, disinfection, repairing the doors and windows, blocking the wind tunnel, preparing the grass, etc., and informing the relevant personnel to prepare for the delivery.
3. Lactation feeding management
The lactation period is 2 to 3 months after delivery, and the lactation period is about 90 days. The lactation period is generally divided into pre-lactation and late lactation. The first period of lactation is the first two months after the birth of the lamb. At this time, breast milk is an important nutrient for the lamb, especially within 15 to 20 days after birth. It is almost the only nutrient, and the nutritional level of the ewes should be guaranteed. The test shows that the lamb needs to consume 5-6 kg of breast milk for each kilogram of weight gain. In order to meet the needs of rapid growth and development of the lamb, it is necessary to increase the nutritional level of the ewes and increase the amount of breast milk. Feed should provide as much quality hay, silage and succulent feed as possible, and sufficient water should be used.
The ewes of the newly born ewes are empty, weak in constitution, strong in physical strength and water consumption, and slightly digestive. They should be supplied with digestible high-quality hay, drinking salt water, bran water, etc. Silage and succulent feed should not be given too early. Too much, within 3 days after delivery, if the sensation is good, you can feed less concentrate to prevent indigestion and mastitis, gradually transition to normal level after 1 week, restore body condition and breastfeeding, and ensure drinking water, guarantee The enclosure is dry and clean.
In the late lactation period, the lactation of the ewes gradually decreases, and the lambs can also feed the fodder. Depending on the degree of breast milk reduction, the ewes should be gradually reduced in supply and gradually transition to the rational standards for the ewes. Before the lamb is weaned, the amount of succulent feed and concentrate should be gradually reduced to prevent breast disease.
In order to speed up the breeding of the ewes, the lambs are born 7 to 10 days, start feeding, and gradually feed some green fodder. Generally, the lambs are weaned until about 2 months old. After the lamb is weaned, the ewes enter the empty period. During this period, they are mainly engaged in daily feeding management.
In short, strengthening the breeding management of ewes during breeding season is one of the key links in the production of sheep. Therefore, the farm (household) must adopt different feeding management techniques for the physiological characteristics of the ewes in the three stages of empty period, pregnancy and lactation, effectively improve the production capacity of the ewes and ensure the survival rate of the lambs, thus serving as a farm. (household) brings higher economic benefits and promotes the healthy and sustainable development of the sheep industry.
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