With the development of our country's economy, the improvement of people's living standards and the continuous deepening of the opening to the outside world, high-grade tea is increasingly favored by the market, and sales have increased year by year. Therefore, how to increase the output of high-grade tea has become an important research topic in tea production. To this end, the author conducted a variety of technical discussions, explored some experiences and achieved good results. The main links are as follows:
1, strengthen the winter fertilization work
In winter, sufficient base fertilizers are applied and nitrogenous fertilizers are added to give full play to the spring effect of fertilizers, making spring teas of high quality and high yield. Nitrogen fertilizers are usually concentrated before the spring tea is harvested as a precipitating fertilizer and no nitrogen is applied during the winter. According to the relevant information, more than 80% of the nutrients needed for spring tea, especially nitrogen nutrition, are derived from the nitrogen that was absorbed and stored by tea trees in the previous winter. Therefore, applying sufficient fertilizer in winter is the basis for increasing the production of spring tea, and the pre-harvest fertilizer before spring tea is absorbed and utilized by tea plants is less than 13%. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of spring tea, it is necessary to use nitrogen fertilizer as a ditch before picking the spring tea, and extract a part of it to be used in combination with basal fertilizer in the winter of last year. In this way, based on the application of basal fertilizer, with the addition of part of nitrogen fertilizer, a part of nitrogen fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves in spring to increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in spring tea, and the yield increase effect is obvious.
2, change the spring pruning to autumn pruning, to promote the early occurrence of spring tea buds
When the spring tea is lightly pruned before picking, the tea tree is difficult to heal and the growth is inhibited. The germination of the tea tree is delayed and the germination point is reduced, which affects the yield of spring tea, especially the production of high-grade spring tea. Instead, after the autumn tea is picked and lightly pruned, the tea tree has enough time to heal wounds and restore vitality, which can promote early occurrence of multiple tea shoot buds and buds, which is beneficial to prolific high-grade spring tea. The production practice has proved that the light pruning before the spring tea picking is changed to light pruning after autumn tea picking, and the spring tea production period can be advanced 5 to 7 days, and the yield of spring tea can be increased by more than 10%. Autumn tea is lightly trimmed after picking and must be grown after the tea tree has stopped growing.
3, the implementation of tender picking, see buds on the mining, direct increase high-grade tea production
The traditional method of picking is when the tea leaves in the tea plantation have 10% to 15% of the sprouts, which only after the picking standards have been reached. The picking must be done after a period of time. In order to increase the output of high-grade tea, it is necessary to break the traditional mode of picking, not to “get up and pick out†and to perform tender picking. See buds and pick them up, that is, “the buds emerge one time to pick the next one†and invest more in the labor force every day. Tea gardens are plucked and harvested to produce as many premium high-quality teas as possible. Although the output of tea leaves is somewhat lower than in the past, the output value and benefits are greatly increased.
4. Effectively implement comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests
In the late autumn and early winter, the tea garden was cleaned up and lime sulfur was sprayed to seal the garden, which reduced the base number of the disease and insects overwintering, and prevented the damage of young shoots such as small green leafhoppers, tea pods, and tea stem pods in early spring. If pests and diseases occur, combined with time and effort to give control, avoid pesticide control.
5, how to improve the quality of tea?
If tea is polluted, especially if it is exported, its output value and reputation will be seriously frustrated. In order to improve the quality and yield of tea, in addition to taking green manure in the tea garden, covering moisture, and applying farmyard manure after harvest, as well as improving the tea making process, clever use of foliar fertilizer is also required. Fast, high-yield, a good way, generally can increase production by 20% to 30%.
(1) Fertilizing time
In the spring, summer and autumn rounds of tea germination, the new shoots sprouted at the beginning of one bud and one leaf. At the beginning of the exhibition, the windless sunny days, early evenings or cloudy days were sprayed and sprayed once every two or three times a week. Smeared on the leaf surface. Fertilizer ratio. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the main components, supplemented by trace fertilizers, and the ratio is 4:1:1. Micronutrients are formulated according to the principle of what is lacking in tea plants.
(2) Fertilizer concentration
Fertilizer concentration is related to fertilizer types and weather conditions. According to tests, urea was 0.5% and calcium superphosphate was 1%. Potassium sulfate 0.5%, zinc sulfate 50-100 mg/l, iron molybdate 20-50 mg/l. If the concentration is too large, it is easy to produce fertilizer, otherwise it will not be effective. Combination of many things. It can be combined with pest control, spray irrigation, and plant growth regulators to save labor and make it easy to implement mechanization. Fertilizer and pesticide chemical properties. Acidic fertilizers should be combined with acidic pesticides, and alkaline fertilizers should be formulated with alkaline pesticides so that they will not produce chemical reactions and produce precipitates to prevent mutual elimination of fertilizer efficiency and efficacy. Use biological pesticides to control pests. Tea pest control using biological pesticides is safe and reliable, pollution-free and pollution-free, and the best choice for low cost and high effect, such as Bt emulsion, bacillus, Beauveria bassiana, agricultural antibiotics and plant antibiotics.
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