Cucumber is a very popular vegetable, and no matter what season the market is very popular, do you know that cucumbers have physiological diseases? Do you know how to prevent these diseases? The following small series will tell you in detail. The growers looked at it.
Physiological diseases, melons are melons that are completely flowered. Because the flower buds of cucumber have two primordial groups, female and male, and finally develop into male flowers or female flowers, which are determined by environmental conditions. Because the low-night temperate short-day sunshine is conducive to the composition of the female flower, and the high-temperature long-day sunshine will cause the flower bud to proceed toward the male flower. In the process of flower bud development, there must be a period of time that is conducive to the composition of the female flower, and is conducive to the composition of the male flower. At this moment, it may constitute a bisexual flower, that is, a thorough flower, and the cucumber that is completely flowered may be a melon.
Prevention and treatment methods:
1 to promote the development of pistil primordium, according to the development of stamens, in the germination decomposition period as far as possible to adhere to 25-30 ° C, 10-15 ° C at night, 8 hours light, relative humidity 70-80%, soil moisture, carbon dioxide meet and other conditions To promote the normal development of the pistil primordium, according to the development of the stamen primordium.
2 The complete flower of the production of melons is mostly born in the early stage. When sparse flowers, we should pay attention to sparse and remove the thorough flowers of the melons and stalks, so as not to ruin the nutrients.
Ammonia damage
Ammonia gas in the greenhouse is often attacked and agile. It is usually composed of improperly applied fertilizer: applying volatile nitrogen fertilizer, such as ammonia water, ammonium bicarbonate, or one-time application of excessive urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, After the soil is not covered or watered in time, ammonia will be released. When the organic fertilizer is excessive or the organic fertilizer is not decomposed, a lot of ammonia will be released. If the ammonia content in the air reaches 4.5-5.5ppm. It will damage the cucumber and present a watery damp mottle. With the addition of ammonia concentration, the leaves of the plants then browned and died. If it cannot be removed in time, it may constitute ammonia poisoning.
Prevention and treatment methods:
1 Use formula fertilizer technology, properly apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, do not apply fertilizer that can directly or directly attack ammonia on the surface of greenhouse; apply organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, must be applied after sufficient maturity; fertilizer and organic Fertilizer should be applied in depth; fertilizer should be applied in a few times; appropriate amount of fertilizer, or post-application irrigation, so that the fertilizer can be decomposed and released in time.
2 Always pay attention to see if there is an ammonia attack: When entering the greenhouse, the first thing to pay attention to is the smell in the room, so that it can be found in time. When the ammonia smell is smelled out, the water droplets on the shed film are immediately taken out by the pH test paper, and when the pH reaches 8 or more, the attack and accumulation of ammonia gas can be considered. You can also use the tip of your tongue to lick it. If you feel slippery, you can think of ammonia accumulation.
3 When the vegetables in the shed have already showed symptoms of ammonia poisoning, uncover the film and release the wind, sweep away the harmful gases; quickly fill the water, reduce the concentration of the soil fertilizer solution; spray the external application of Huifeng, Gaomei Shi active liquid fertilizer 500 times, balance the plant body and soil The pH; immediately foliar spray 100 times liquid vinegar to reduce ammonia damage.
Sulfur dioxide damage
Mostly because of the frustration of sulfur powder during the growth of greenhouse crops, perhaps the flue gas containing sulfides enters the greenhouse.
Prevention and treatment methods:
1 When using aerosols, they should be used strictly according to the quantity, and should not exceed the standard; when the fire is required to be warmed, it is necessary to prevent the smoke from leaking into the greenhouse; the greenhouse should avoid many coal-fired factories.
2 When suffering from sulfur dioxide, promptly open the window to change the air, properly sprinkle water, topdressing and reduce the damage; timely spray strontium carbonate, lime water, stone sulfur mixture or 0.5% synthetic detergent solution. The bitter melon cucumber physiological disease Daquan 1 and the species off: the general leaf color dark green species is more simple than the leaf color light type bitter melon. Soil drought, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer: Because the excessive nitrogen fertilizer constitutes a long plant, when the melon is not neat, the melons on the side branches and weak branches are simply bitter melons.
3 Slow growth of melons: low temperature and low light, especially when it is cloudy, when the root activity of cucumber is damaged or hindered, the water and nutrients absorbed are less, the melons grow slowly, and more bitter tastes are often accumulated in the roots and the lower melons. .
4 bitter melon caused by high temperature: the cucumber cultivated in winter and the spring and winter sorghum enters the high temperature period in the late spring, the absorption function of the root system is weakened, the assimilation power is weak, and the night temperature is too high, and the melon strip grows slowly, in the melon strip. A lot of bitterness is piled up to form bitter melon.
Prevention and treatment methods:
Bitter melon
1 Select the species with low bitterness; scientifically apply fertilizer, do not apply excessive nitrogen fertilizer, pay attention to increase the application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer; use greenhouse with good lighting and heat preservation to prevent low temperature and low light; when the plant enters age, after cooling, Water control and irrigation to promote the roots of the hormones, early rejuvenation; into the high temperature period, the temperature should not be high, especially to prevent night temperatures.
2 If you find bitter melon, you can soak the cucumber and soak it in clean water for one night to reduce the bitterness of the melon.
3 Spraying 0.04% alizarin lactone solution 4000 times solution at the initial flowering stage, and spraying again after 10 days, the yield can be increased by 10-30%.
Malformed melon
The primary cause of the attack is because the environmental conditions at the flowering stage are not suitable, the temperature is too high or too low, the humidity is high, and the light is weak, which will affect the normal pollination and fertilization of the cucumber, and the fruit will partially expand and the seeds will be deformed, and the growth of the plant will be weak. In particular, in the late stage of fruit enlargement, the lack of fertilizer and water can not provide normal nutrient supply in the fruit, and can also constitute a deformed melon; during the growth of the cucumber, the melon strip is blocked by the foreign object and cannot be straightened, resulting in deformation and bending.
Prevention and treatment methods:
1 Remove the deformed melon in time; do the temperature, humidity, light and moisture treatment to prevent the temperature below 13 °C, or longer than 30 °C, the temperature should be as high as possible to prevent the onset of physiological drought; the formula is fertilizer; the flowering period can be artificial Pollination, anti-bee pollination to reduce the onset of deformed melons.
2 Spraying 0.04% alizarin lactone solution 4000 times solution at the initial flowering stage, and spraying again after 10 days, the yield can be increased by 10-30%.
Focal edge
Cucumber leaves are physiological diseases, and there are several possibilities for their incentives:
1 Salt damage: too much mineral element fertilizer is applied, while organic fertilizer is less, so that the soil salt concentration is too high, or salt and alkali are easy to salt when drought.
2 Overspeed and water loss: Under the condition of high temperature and high humidity in the shed, the wind is strong and the leaves are out of water.
3 Phytotoxicity: When spraying pesticides, the concentration of the liquid is too large, and the liquid is too much, and the drops on the leaf edge constitute a phytotoxicity. The margin of leaves that are chemically damaged is generally stained green, browning after drying.
Prevention and treatment methods:
1 to prevent salt damage: the saline-alkali land should be deep-turned and then filled with water to wash the salt; increase the application of organic fertilizer, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, cover the mulch after planting, and prevent the salt from spreading due to transpiration.
2 scientific release: prevent the wind from being too fast and too large.
3 When the amount of water is sprinkled: prevent the over-drying caused by the fringed leaves, and also prevent the excessively wet roots from causing the dead leaves.
4 Scientific use of drugs: When using drugs, pay attention to the concentration of the drug used and the amount of liquid sprayed. The concentration can not be increased arbitrarily, and the amount of liquid on the leaf surface is moistened with the leaf surface and the liquid medicine is not dripping. The melon melon is a physiological disease, and the first is the lack of nutrients or the mutual robbing of nutrients between the organs.
Melon
A small number of melons (about 1/3) is a normal phenomenon of self-regulation of plants, but many melons are abnormal. It is often related to factors such as discomfort, improper handling or climate anomalies.
There are several reasons for forming a melon:
1 temperature and humidity are unstable, high and low, not suitable for fruit growth and development; when the female flowers are too much, the water is too much, the soil is poorly ventilated, the roots are weak, or the large melons are picked too late, and the organs seize the nutrients and constitute young The supply of melon nutrients is lacking and yellowing. In the case of continuous rain and lack of light, there are few photosynthesis products, and the young melons that are sitting down are not satisfied with the nutrients and stop growing. Other light is lacking, the temperature is high, the photosynthetic products are less, the nutrient consumption is much more, and the lack of nutrients in the juvenile will also turn the melon.
2 The density is too large, the nutrient distribution in the early stage is uneven, the nutrient supply of the fruit is lacking, or the excessive nitrogen fertilizer causes the plant to grow long; in the condition that the nitrogen fertilizer is satisfied, the water is too large, the light is lacking, and the plant is long, the nutrient growth of the young melon is not abundant. Supply, but also easy to turn the melon.
3 hormone fertilizer water application is not appropriate: treated with ethephon, so that female flowers, but the fertilizer can not keep up, lack of water, too dry, is not conducive to the growth of cucumber fruit.
4 The composition of pests and diseases: attacking downy mildew, viral disease, and angular spot can also cause melons.
1 Grasp the temperature and humidity management, cultivate strong seedlings and enhance the plant's resistance to stress. The temperature should be around 30 °C in the morning, 24~25 °C in the afternoon, and 18~20 °C in the night. Improve greenhouse ventilation and light transmission, the invention is suitable for cucumber growing environment.
2 After planting, it is necessary to apply the seedling fertilizer in time, cultivate the loose soil, promote the hair roots, and enhance the roots to absorb nutrients. When using hormone treatment, it is necessary to strengthen the treatment of fertilizer and water; plants that cannot sit on melons can carry out proper flowering, which can improve the rate of sitting and prevent plant growth. After the flower is topped, the leaves are sprayed with gibberellin + alizarin.
Leaf burn
The disease is a physiological disease, and it is often in the middle and late stages of growth of cucumbers cultivated in the early spring. After the rainy season, the climate will be clear, the temperature will rise rapidly, and the light will be strong. In the middle and upper leaves of the plant, the leaves adjacent to the apical membrane of the protected area will be simple to attack. In the autumn breeding equipment, the cucumber is cultivated because the light is intense, and the water is not sprinkled. Properly, it is easy to induce this disease; high temperature shacks control downy mildew, and it is easy to burn the leaves if not handled properly.
1 adhere to the appropriate temperature: the temperature of the protection ground is controlled between 20 ~ 25 ° C, when the temperature is too high, it should be timely ventilation and cooling.
2 Illumination control: In the middle and late stages of cucumber growth, because of the strong light, the effect of glare can be weakened by removing the membranous or apical membrane and covering the mulching net.
3 to prevent high temperature suffocation time is too long, the temperature can not exceed 45 °C. The night before the high temperature shack, you must fill the water.
Root
The disease is a physiological disease, the first is that the ground temperature is lower than 12 ° C, and the duration is longer, coupled with excessive watering or rainy weather, the temperature of the seedbed and the ground temperature are too low, the melon seedlings are wilting, and the wilting lasts for a long time. It will attack the roots.
Prevention and treatment methods:
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2 can use 53% fine nail cream? Manganese zinc water granules 500 times liquid to irrigate the seedbed, improve the germination rate, promote new roots to enhance the cold resistance of wheat seedlings, and prevent roots.
Brown spot
There are still many unknowns about the cause of the disease.
1 The browning of the veins caused by manganese excess: the content of manganese in the leaves is too high. Generally, it begins to brown from the beginning of the reticular veins, and then proceeds to the main vein to form the “brown veinsâ€. If the manganese content continues to increase, the bristles on the petiole become black and the leaves begin to die. Manganese excess may be due to the fact that manganese in the soil is activated to be absorbable, but sometimes it is due to the frequent use of manganese-containing pesticides.
2 Physiological obstruction caused by low temperature and multiple fertilizers: Under the condition of low temperature and multi-fertilization, yellow small mottled along the veins and gradually expanded into streaks, similar to brown mottle. The disease is mostly in the lower part of the old leaves, and is from the beginning of the mesophyll adjacent to the main vein of the leaf, which gathers on several main veins and extends outward. Considering the symptoms-specific, gathering, and other conditions, it may be a physiological obstacle to the onset of certain specific types in a low-temperature and multi-fertility environment.
3 Physiological browning caused by low temperature and multiple fertilizers is a slow onset of excess manganese, but the pathogenesis is not very clear. The soil is acidic, the soil is sticky, the organic matter content is high, and when the soil moisture is high, the active manganese content is high. Therefore, in the sheds with a long cultivation period, the soil is often acidified. When many organic fertilizers are applied, when the soil is cold and high-humidity, the manganese in the soil is reduced, and the activity is added and easily absorbed by the plants, which constitutes manganese poisoning. In addition, different types of tolerance for manganese excess can be different. Generally, the heat-resistant summer type cucumbers that are popular in the sun are cultivated in the greenhouse, and it is easy to present brown plaques during low temperature and short sunshine, and the low temperature will develop the disease. .
Prevention and treatment methods:
1 Use short-day sunshine and low temperature and low light resistance; adjust soil pH to neutral to prevent cucumber from growing on acid and alkali; apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer, pay attention to calcium when ordered and appropriate Application, soil calcium deficiency can lead to excess manganese, showing brown plaque, can spray phosphorus, calcium, magnesium foliar fertilizer; after planting, pay attention to warming, heat preservation, moderate amount of water, the soil can not be too wet or too dry.
Flower topping
The detailed reasons for the flower topping:
1 The soil temperature and night temperature are low, the cucumber root system is poorly developed, the activity is weak, and the plant growth point is pressed.
2 The temperature difference between day and night is large, the night temperature is low, and the nutrient content is small to the new part (faucet). The growth of plant nutrients is controlled by sputum, and the reproductive growth exceeds the growth of nutrients.
3 soil drought, excessive fertilizer damage, or soil long-term wet and dry roots, excessive potassium fertilizer will also constitute flower topping.
4 The amount of flower-preserving hormone is not suitable. If it is used too early, it will lead to the occurrence of phytotoxicity.
Prevention and treatment methods:
1 Improve the nighttime temperature, loosen the soil in time, promote the development of the root system, apply the fertilized manure, and spray water to control the water.
2 Rescue methods for plants with flower topping: Mixing roots with 3000mg solution of 5mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid solution to affect the new root attack; remove all the melons visible on the plants, reduce the burden of planting melons; Regulators that promote the growth of stems and leaves, such as natural yuncin, Ai Duo, Feng Shou No.1, promote stem and leaf growth; chase fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate), seal the greenhouse to improve temperature after spraying, and adhere to the highest night temperature . After 7-10 days, you can recover completely. You can pour water again as appropriate. Afterwards, it will be gradually transferred to normal processing.
The above is a small series of cucumber physiological diseases and the prevention and treatment methods of various diseases. I think that all the growers have no troubles for cucumber diseases during the planting process. What are you waiting for? Such a complete disease prevention and control method hastened to collect .
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