Release date: 2015-10-27
During the growth period, the ovaries periodically produce estrogen and progesterone, and the estrogen and progesterone act synergistically to maintain women's healthy physiology. After 40 years of age, ovarian function declines until menopause. When a woman is menopausal, the ovaries stop secreting hormones, and menopausal symptoms may occur, including hot flashes, sweating, and mood swings.
Medically, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often used to alleviate these symptoms and treat and prevent possible diseases. But recent scientists at the British Cancer Research Center have confirmed that hormone replacement therapy is not a once-in-a-lifetime treatment, which increases the risk of cancer in women, and the degree of risk is associated with cancer and HRT types.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Hormone replacement therapy improves the above symptoms by supplementing estrogen with an additional hormone to achieve hormone balance in the body. HRT drug types fall into two broad categories: estrogen and progesterone. Hormone replacement therapy can be divided into three types depending on the proportion of hormones:
(1) Estrogen alone: ​​oestrogen-only HRT, mainly for continuous administration, only for women who do not need endometrium for hysterectomy.
(2) Cyclical combined hormone: Cyclical HRT, continuous supplementation of estrogen, simulating the physiological cycle, supplementing hormones once a month or three months.
(3) Continuous combined hormone: Continuous combined HRT, progesterone and estrogen supplemented at the same time.
Hormone replacement therapy and cancer
Researchers at the British Cancer Research Center surveyed one million women and confirmed that hormone replacement therapy increases the probability of cancer in some common cancers in women, such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer. Moreover, different hormone replacement therapies target different cancer types with varying degrees of risk.
Breast cancer
Women who receive continuous combined hormonal therapy have an increased risk of developing breast cancer. The results of the survey showed that women who continued to supplement progesterone and estrogen had a higher risk of breast cancer than women who did not receive hormone replacement therapy. If this treatment has lasted for 10 years, the risk of cancer will be higher. With the end of the HRT session, the risk of breast cancer will also decrease.
Among women with high-risk cancer, breast cancer is more common than ovarian cancer and uterine cancer. This means that if we look at the effects of hormone replacement therapy on these three types of cancer, then it can be introduced: the last two combined treatments with hormone therapy are more risky because it significantly increases the risk of breast cancer.
Uterine cancer (endometrial cancer)
Treatment with estrogen alone increases the risk of uterine cancer, and the results of combined hormonal therapy for risk management are more complicated. Because studies have shown that progesterone can offset a portion of the risk of estrogen carcinogenesis.
Supplementing progesterone every month as part of hormone replacement therapy will reduce the risk of uterine cancer. At present, there is not enough research to confirm how many doses of progesterone can offset the side effects of estrogen, thus reducing the risk of uterine cancer.
Ovarian cancer
Hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of ovarian cancer in women. The latest research confirms that even if only hormone replacement therapy is less than 5 years, the risk of ovarian cancer will increase significantly. When hormone replacement therapy is stopped, the risk will decrease over time. In the UK, an additional ovarian cancer patient will appear in every 1,000 people from the age of 50 who have been treated with HRT for more than 5 years.
Should I accept HRT?
The pros and cons of hormone replacement therapy are only probabilistic events, which are effective for treating menopausal symptoms, but the risks do exist.
Researchers at the UK Cancer Research Center have advised doctors to weigh the pros and cons of different types of treatments based on the actual conditions of different patients. So if you are thinking about starting or stopping hormone replacement therapy, you need to consider the risks and talk to your attending physician. Because these problems vary from person to person.
Source: Bio-Exploration
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