In winter, the weather is cold, there is lack of forage, the water source is frozen, the cows have difficulty in drinking water, the physical quality is decreased, and the incidence of disease is high. Therefore, in order to ensure safe wintering for dairy cows, preparations must be made early.
Disinfection and sterilization
Disinfection is to kill the pathogenic microorganisms on the media and make them harmless. The pathogenic microorganisms will be exterminated in the body of livestock and poultry, and the transmission route of infectious diseases will be cut off to achieve the purpose of preventing and curing cattle diseases.
Personnel disinfection: The dairy farm staff should change clothes in the production area in a timely manner, ultraviolet disinfection for 3 minutes to 5 minutes, uniforms should not be worn off the field, the production area to avoid outsiders to visit. Work clothes or work shoes should be regularly sterilized with a certain concentration of benzalkonium, organic iodine mixtures or aqueous phenolic soap solutions.
Cattle environment: The surrounding environment of the cattle house (including sports grounds) is disinfected or sprinkled with 2% caustic soda every 1 week to 2 weeks; the outlets around the field and on-site sewage pools, defecation pits, and sewers are disinfected with bleach every month. 1 Times. Disinfect the pool at the entrance and the cowshed entrance, use 2% fire alkali or coal phenol soap solution, to constantly change the disinfectant pool disinfectant.
Cowshed disinfection: The cowshed should be cleaned thoroughly after the cow under the trough, washed regularly with a high-pressure water gun, and lime is sprayed around the cattle house, under the production bed and under the cattle bed, or spray-disinfected with 2% caustic soda.
Appliance disinfection: To regularly disinfect the feeding utensils, feed troughs, feed vehicles, etc., use 0.1% benzalkonium bromide or 0.2% to 0.5% peracetic acid to disinfect; daily utensils, milking equipment and milk tanker, veterinary equipment, mating equipment, etc. Before and after use, it must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected; the vehicle must be spray-disinfected when entering the field area; the milking machine pipeline should be cleaned and sanitized with hot alkaline water of 35°C-46°C and hot alkali water of 70°C-75°C to remove residuals from the pipeline. Substances, while preventing the growth of microorganisms.
Cow body disinfection: Before milking, midwifery, breeding, injection treatment and any operation that has contact with cows, the cow must first be disinfected and wiped on the relevant parts of the cow, such as the breast, nipple, vaginal opening and hindquarters, to prevent human transmission. disease. Regularly use 4% copper sulphate solution to spray bath shoes on cows to reduce the incidence of hoof disease and ensure the health of hooves.
With cattle disinfection: The cattle are sterilized with 0.1% benzalkonium chloride or 0.3% peroxyacetic acid or 0.1% sodium hypochlorite on a regular basis. This eliminates the microorganisms on the cattle's body surface, crowbars, and chute surface, and also avoids the microbes in the herd. Infection, this disinfection method is suitable for the distribution of feeding methods.
Strong body disease prevention
Adjust diet ingredients. Feed high-quality dairy cows with high-quality forage, and feed more concentrates or high-fat substances to increase the energy of the diet. Available beans or animal fats, and supplements of 1% to 1.5% are appropriate. Increase the protein content of the full-priced diet to about 18%. The crude fiber content should not be excessive, especially for silage. Practice shows that milk cows with a daily output of more than 32 kilograms of milk should be controlled at 17 kilograms to 22 kilograms per day for silage in the fall.
Increase feed palatability. Motivate dairy cows to feed their full palatability feeds to enhance their appetite. Practice has shown that: adding 140 liters of feed per day to 600 liters of water boiled into gruel, plus 9 kg of brown sugar, 3 times poured into the leftovers, can make all the leftovers were eaten.
Do a good job of disease prevention. Doing a good job in environmental sanitation and regularly disinfecting cow houses can reduce the incidence of cows. For labor and abortion cows, timely filling with brown sugar wheat bran soup to promote the timely discharge of the placenta. Do not milk at noon. Use warm water to scrub the breasts before milking. After milking, bathe your breasts with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution to reduce the incidence of mastitis.
Safe winter preparation
In the cold winter, the temperature in the north is low, the forage grass is withered, and the nutrition is very poor. It is not as good as the straw that has been collected and stored. It should be transferred to housing and feeding in a timely manner so as to prevent the cows from falling out and affecting milk production and health. Therefore, there are a few important things that must be done before the winter, otherwise the dairy cow's constitution and milk production will drop sharply.
Grab the fall before winter. Autumn grass seed mature, more sugar and fat, cattle eat the top grain anti-hungry, fast food. As long as the animals are grazing, they can relax the pasture area, extend the grazing time, return to the early morning and evening before the next frost, late evening and return after the frost, and then combine the looting of the autumn cricket, which can not only grasp the autumn cricket, but also provide more storage for the winter cows. Nutrition is equivalent to accumulating large amounts of food in cattle, and there is a cost to resist cold in the winter.
Grasp the transition of feeding. Before the cows are fed, no matter in the pastoral area or in the farming area, the transition from grazing to feeding should be carried out. Otherwise, digestive disorders will occur and cause digestive diseases. The transitional period is about 10 days. At the beginning, the grazing time should be shortened day by day, and the amount of feeds should be increased in the morning and evening so that the cattle can gradually adapt to the habits and feed their livelihoods. After about 10 days, they will be transferred to full-day feeding, but they should gradually increase their nutrition and prevent The sudden drop in nutrition affects the milk production.
Early feeding of cattle silage and juicy feed. Dairy cows have high-quality chlorophyll protein in grasses fed during the grazing period. According to the dry matter content, the contents of gramineous pastures range from 13% to 15%, and leguminous pasture amounts to 18% to 24%. The utilization rate is high, second only to animals. Feed, which also contains more amino acids, is better than food protein and is the best source of milk protein. Dairy cows eat a lot of good grass and can significantly increase milk production. However, when dairy cows are transferred from grazing to feeding, they will reduce and lose good grass for milk production. Therefore, it is necessary to feed the cow silage earlier. Because silage is lactic acid-fermented, aromatic in taste, and eaten by cows, it is the most easily digestible protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamin A, and vitamin C. It is better than green hay and silage-feeding during the feeding period. The milk production of dairy cows can maintain high and stable production. Each cow can eat about 20 kilograms of silage each day. Even without added concentrate, the annual milk output of dairy cows can reach 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms. Succulent feeds are milk-raising feeds that are nutritionally valuable for cows during the feeding period. Although they contain less protein, they have higher biological value. For example, sugar Beet contains 8 g of lysine and 7.5 g of tryptophan per 100 g of protein, and also contains oxidative enzymes, which can increase the milk production of dairy cows. In this way, when dairy cows are transferred to the diets for the house-feeding period, as long as there is good silage and root-juicy materials, plus appropriate amount of concentrate, the lactating capacity of the cows can be fully utilized. If the cow's silage and juicy feed are not fed in advance, the cow's milk production will drop sharply.
Get ready for winter feed preparation. It is necessary to grasp the feed reserve in the fall before the winter, which is the material basis for raising the cows and ensuring the winter for the cows. It mainly provides the hay and green feed for the cows during the wintering period. In the semi-pastoral area of ​​the pastoral area, about 2.5 tons to 3 tons is required for each cow in the semi-pastoral area, and about 3.5 tons to 4 tons per head of cattle in the agricultural area; 5 tons to 7 tons of silage for each cow, and each cow needs to be fed with succulent feed. 3 tons. Only with enough feed can we guarantee the nutritional needs of cows during the feeding period in order to obtain high milk yields. At the same time, we must also prepare enough mats for the cattle bed to keep the temperature of the cattle body free from cold, and cattle must not suffer from rheumatism.
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