Fertilizer harm: The harm caused by improper fertilizer application to vegetable seedlings. The initial stage of fertilizer damage starts from the lower leaves and wilts at noon. It can be recovered sooner or later, and it is also difficult to recover in severe cases sooner or later. The reason for this is that the nutrient soil is mixed with excessively quantified fertilizer or unfabricated livestock and poultry manure, causing excessively high soil moisture penetration pressure. Roots are difficult to absorb and "burn". Prevention should be based on prevention. In the preparation of nutritious soil to use mashed sifted, fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and in strict accordance with the technical requirements, balanced fertilization, base fertilizer to reduce nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc, molybdenum and other trace elements, top dressing Must be combined with watering. Foliar fertilization interval of 5 to 7 days, mainly to spray the leaves back, the concentration should be appropriate. In the event of fertilizer damage, immediately flood the water to reduce or alleviate the symptoms.
Herbicide Harm: Vegetable seedlings are extremely sensitive to various herbicides. Misuse of herbicides, removal of turfgrass, or use of sprayers sprayed with herbicides can cause seedling damage. It is difficult to remedy the damage of vegetables caused by herbicides. Even if it can restore growth, it will result in reduced yields.
Preventive measures 1. Reasonable selection of herbicides. 2, can not be a single long-term use of a herbicide, to alternate medication to prevent weeds produce resistance and improve weeding effect. 3, the amount of drugs to be accurate, should be 20% -30% less than land, pay attention to ventilation, ventilation. 4, medication time, before sowing, before planting, after sowing before emergence.
Pharmacy damage: Solar greenhouse vegetable production due to small space, good airtight, improper use of pesticides are prone to injury. The phytotoxicity was characterized by leaf margin charred, leaf yellowing, shrinkage and aging: acute injury caused by burn, withered, fallen leaves, fallen flowers, and fruit drop within hours or 3-4 days after spraying. Chronic phytotoxicity is manifested only after a long period of time. Due to the inhibition of physiological activities, the plants grow poorly, the leaves are deformed, the ripening is delayed, and the flavor of the fruit is changed. The main reasons are as follows: 1. No symptomatic remedy was applied when spraying. 2. The dosage of the drug is excessive and the concentration is too large. 3, the application time is not good. 4. Mix pesticides that cannot be mixed. 5, using fake and inferior pesticides.
Prevent the occurrence of injury; 1, the right medicine, the use of low-toxic pesticides. 2. Do not use drugs such as seedlings or flowering at times when the crop is weak in drug resistance. 3, avoid spraying at hot noon. 4, the correct application of technology, in strict accordance with the provisions of concentration, dose medication, scientific and rational compounding pesticides, application times, time, repeat intervals should be reasonable. Remedial measures; 1, the buds, seedlings, minor damage, can be appropriate N fertilizer 5 kg per mu to promote seedling growth. 2. Victims of leaves or plants, watered and used 4-5 kg ​​of potassium sulfate per acre. 3. Strengthen cultivator and promote root development.
Ammonia damage: Ammonia damage is a hazard to vegetables when the concentration of ammonia in the air in a greenhouse reaches a certain level. In the case of ammonia damage to vegetables, the leaves are often wilting, withering and burning. The prevention and control method is firstly to select the combination of water and fertilizer in continuous sunny days, and the cake fertilizer and other organic fertilizers should be turned into the soil in time. The second is to promptly ventilate fertilizers to prevent ammonia accumulation. A pH test paper can be used to measure the ammonia content in the greenhouse. Use pH test paper to dip the water droplets on the film. When the pH value is >7, it indicates the presence of ammonia gas. When pH ≤ 7, there is no ammonia gas in the greenhouse.
Cold damage and heat damage: Solar greenhouse production does not pay attention to insulation and humidification can cause cold damage, the temperature is too high and easy to cause heat damage. Generally, as long as the conventional insulation measures are implemented, the temperature in the greenhouse will not be lower than 0°C without directly freezing the vegetable seedlings, but some thermophilic vegetables such as cucumber and eggplant will appear when the night temperature is lower than 8°C for 5 consecutive days. Cold roots, which in turn cause dead roots. To prevent chilling damage, we must build sheds according to standards and hang curtains on the doors to cover the straw curtains. Heat damage is mostly caused by man-made reasons. For example, if the sky is not paid attention at noon on sunny days, the temperature in the greenhouse may be as high as 40° C., and the seedlings may be dehydrated and dried up. As long as you look at the thermometer diligently, if you exceed the required temperature, you will not be exposed to heat and you will not suffer heat damage.
Diseases: The temperature in the solar greenhouse is high and the humidity is high, which is favorable for various diseases. Prevention and control of diseases in practice Take agricultural control and chemical prevention and control measures at the same time. The adoption of agricultural measures such as planting disease-resistant varieties, disinfecting seeds, increasing organic fertilizers, ridge cultivation, air release, buckled film, and subsurface dark irrigation will reduce the occurrence of diseases.
Flash seedlings: The weather was chilly for a few days, and it was eager to open the grass seedlings. It often caused the plants to wilted, and even the whole plant died. The people commonly called them “flash seedlingsâ€. To prevent “flash seedlingsâ€, first, we must insist on pulling the straw curtains during the cloudy days. We can pull them in early and late, and we can roll the grasshoppers about 1 meter in front of the front slope of the greenhouse and in the back of the slope to allow the seedlings to accept some cold weather. Scattered light; Second, after the weather is fine, in the morning the sun comes out until 10 o'clock before drafting all the quails, not letting go. After 10 o'clock, when the sun increases, it will lay down half of the grass weeds. If the pods are burping, they can spray clean water on the vegetable seedlings. , increase the humidity of the air in the greenhouse to prevent the leaves from losing water. This should be observed continuously for 2 to 3 days, until the seedlings adapt to the sunny days before they can be transferred to normal management.
Harm: Harm is the harm caused by harmful gases to greenhouse vegetables. Hazardous gases are mostly caused by human factors, such as coal fires in the greenhouse or burning of firewood to produce large amounts of smoke and SO2 gas. Excessive doses of aerosolized pesticides can also cause damage to vegetable seedlings. To prevent gas damage, one must use a chimney to warm the greenhouse to prevent harmful gases from entering the greenhouse. The second is to strictly determine the amount of medication according to the instructions for use of the drug when it is smoked. Do not blindly increase the dose.
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