First, choose a good species
In order to increase the milk yield of the ewes, it is necessary to select the hybrids of the foreign elite rams and the local bred ewes to obtain high-yielding milk goat hybrids when selecting and matching the ewes. It is recommended that two types of dairy goats have good hybrids for the farmers to choose.
1. Saanen dairy goats are native to Switzerland and their main features are: beard, head, neck, trunk, chest fullness, large abdomen, thin skin, short hair, and developed breasts. Adult ram 80 to 90 kilograms, adult ewes 50 to 64 kilograms, the annual milk production is generally 600 to 700 kilograms.
2. Laoshan dairy goat is one of the domestic best dairy goat breeds. The Saanen dairy goats of Switzerland are bred with local white goats. The whole body is pure white, usually without horns. Each side of the neck has a meat sag. The physique is strong, the structure is well-balanced, and the head, neck, body and legs are long, and the breasts are well developed. Adult rams weigh 70 to 80 kilograms and their body height is 70 to 80 centimeters. Ewes are generally smaller than rams, and have a high milk production capacity. The lactation period is generally 240 to 250 days, and high-yielding ewes can reach 300 days. The average milk yield is 450 kg.
Second, the management points
Milk goats have strong adaptability, low requirements for feeding conditions, easy feeding and good management. Weeds, leaves, vines, leaves, wheat bran, and miscellaneous grains can all be used as feed, but they must be scientifically reared in accordance with the various growth stages.
1. Pregnancy Ewe and ewes Within 30 days after pregnancy, feeding conditions should not be too bad and frequent feed changes should be avoided. Female goats that have been fertilized by natural mating are allowed to contact the rams or across a fence 18 to 25 days after mating to determine if they are truly pregnant. Pregnancy must be fed with adequate amounts of nutritious feed so that the female goat can maintain a good body condition and exercise at the same time, making it lively and active. The last month of pregnancy should slowly increase nutritional levels again, and store more nutrients to prepare for peak milk production. However, it is necessary to prevent the dairy goats from becoming fat during the later stages of pregnancy, otherwise the milk production will be reduced. Therefore, it is not possible to feed high-energy feeds during this period, but to feed high quality full-priced feeds.
2. Lambs (1) In the first year of life. The main food within 10 days after the lamb is colostrum, colostrum has a high nutrient content, and also contains immune globulin which can increase the resistance of the lamb. The amount of colostrum should be at least 1/5 of the weight of the lamb. When people are not skilled in feeding, they can breastfeed with their mother 6 days before, and then artificially breastfeed after 6 days. (2) feeding period. After 10 days of birth, whole milk can be fed until about 40 days. The amount should be sufficient to feed the lambs; at the same time, the lambs can feed small amounts of digestible high-quality concentrates and hay earlier, which will help improve the digestive ability of the lambs. (3) milk supply period. 40 to 80 days after birth, should be equal to milk, grass, and material. Grass to feed high quality legume hay, feed barley, oats, corn, bran, bean cake and other mixes. (4) Weaning period. 80 to 120 days after childbirth should be mainly fodder. If there is good quality hay and there is cake residue supplement, the weaning period can be as early as 90 days without affecting development.
3. Lactating ewes The lactating ewes are generally house-fed. Their feed requirements are: 1 kg of milk per day of sheep, 5 kg of fresh grass or sweet potato vines, and 0.25 kg of corn flour, 5 g of bone meal, 10 Salt, and give enough water; winter and spring to feed 2 kilograms of high quality hay or dried sweet potato vines, peanut vines or soybean pods, in addition to 300 grams of corn flour, 5 grams of bone meal, 10 grams of salt, for warm water for drinking. With the increase of milk production, concentrates increased accordingly. Sheep with a daily output of 1.5 to 2.5 kilograms of milk, corn flour should be added to 0.5 to 0.7 kilograms, sheep with a daily output of 3 to 3.5 kilograms of milk, and corn flour should be added to 0.8 to 1 kilogram. Male and female ewes should be reared in groups, grazing 2 to 3 hours a day, so that the ewes exercise and sun, and pay attention to the cleanliness of the sheep house.
Third, milking method
1. The primordial ewes can be fixed with neck ties or ropes, and patience can be induced. The cultivating ewes can be bred to the ewes next to the ewes so that they can adapt slowly . After 1 or 3 milking operations, milking can be performed.
2. Scrubbing, massage breasts Before milking, soak the towels in warm water of 40°C～50°C, then heat the breasts, then dry them, hold the front half of the breasts in your hands, rhythmically massage 2 or 3 times, massage each half Minutes to 1 minute.
3. According to the size of the nipple, milking is performed using the fist-grip method and the sliding-squeezing method. The fist grip method is to hold the lower part of the breast and hold it tightly while pulling it down; the larger and longer breasts use a squeezing method to hold the upper part of the breast first, and then grasp and pull down gently so that the milk is squeezed out from the nipple. When operating, hold both breasts with both hands, and both hands should be even and light, and the speed should be the same. The first few drops of milk can be discarded. Every time the breasts of two breasts are squeezed clean, otherwise it is easy to cause mastitis and deformity of breasts. In general, milk will be squeezed once in the morning and in the evening. If there is more than 3 kilograms of milk per day, it should be squeezed once at noon. Increasing the number of milking and supplementing the feed such as bean cake 20 minutes before milking, and feeding warm salt water can promote lactation and increase milk production.
4. After the fresh milk is processed and squeezed, the first to use 3 to 4 layers of sterile gauze filter, if not promptly sent to the dairy or sold, can be sterilized by low temperature sterilization, and then cooling for temporary preservation.
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