Planting wintering tomatoes has higher technical requirements. After many years of management practices, the author believes that the regulation of water, fertilizer, temperature and humidity, and prevention and control of pests and diseases should be focused on, so as to create good environmental conditions for the growth of tomatoes in order to obtain bumper yields.

First, balanced fertilization

Overwintering pods grow for a long period of time. The peasants often have a large amount of fertilizer. Many sheds will develop surface green sphagnum moss after 2 or 3 years, which means soil salinization. If the management is not strengthened, the soil will be more deteriorated and the yield will be reduced year by year. After 6 to 7 years, the entire greenhouse will be destroyed. Therefore, attention should be paid to balanced fertilization when using fertilizers. Specific measures are as follows:

Before applying base fertilizer before planting, organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer must be used in combination. The new shed organic manure consumption per hectare is 6 cubic meters of decomposed chicken manure and 6 cubic meters of cow dung. After 3 years, the chicken manure will decrease year by year, and the cow dung will increase year by year. The dosage of inorganic fertilizer per acre is 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, 50 kg of potassium sulfate, 20 kg of trace element fertilizer, and 20 kg of calcium fertilizer. After 3 years, 25 kg of microbial fertilizer will be added, and then 5 kg will be increased year by year. Pay attention to inorganic fertilizer 3/4 application and 1/4 furrow application to ensure fertilizer efficiency. On topdressing, head and panicles can use 15 kg of medium-nitrogen, low-phosphorus, and high-potassium fertilizers per acre to promote fruit enlargement before cold. In the cold season, fertilization can use rooting, rooting, cold-resistant humic acid fertilizer, 20 kg per mu. After the beginning of spring, potassium nitrate can be used to fertilize 15 kg/mu with a potassium content of more than 40%. Later, depending on the situation, a flush of water is applied, and fertilizer is stopped when the size of the last panicle is reached. Pay attention to selecting the fertilizer to select the regular manufacturers to produce fertilizer.

On foliar fertilization, boron fertilizer should be applied regularly throughout the flowering period to promote floral development. After fruiting, especially during the fruiting period, calcium fertilizer can be sprayed to prevent umbilical rot. In the later stage of growth, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed to prevent premature aging.

Second, prevention and treatment

The prevention and control of overwintering tomato diseases should be based on the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control”. Specific prevention and control measures: seedlings should be disease-free, insect-free, and non-toxic seedlings. Seedlings should be transplanted from the normal nursery base. After colonization, the prevention of yellow leaf curl virus disease is the most critical. Yellow leaf curl virus is the main route of transmission of Bemisia tabaci, to prevent it. After covering the greenhouse film, it is necessary to pull the 60-mesh insect net at the air outlet, and then colonize with the Isovio disinfection kit. If it is found that there is a whitefly on the seedlings, kill the insects immediately, the best way is to smoke the shed with smoke at night. Smoked once every 3 days, even smoked 3 times. For the prevention of diseases and leaf mold, it can be treated with onsenzinc and amiside spray, and sunny days are usually sprayed every 10 to 15 days. If there is continuous haze, it is easy to induce gray mold, prevention and treatment use pyrimidine, Luna Sen and other efficient treatment drugs, prevention intervals 10 days, treatment 3 to 5 days 1 time, cloudy available fumigants . But also to prevent bacterial leaf spot disease, the agent can be used to kill 2000, nitro humate and so on. In March of next year, the temperature will increase year by year, and the water and ground will be exposed to high humidity, which can lead to leaf mold disease. It should be highly vigilant and tebuconazole and Shigao spray can be used after onset.

Prevention and treatment of diseases: (1) The spray should be fine, uniform, and thorough. (2) It is best to use the anti-drug drugs alone, with a maximum of only one kind of foliar fertilizer to avoid phytotoxicity. (3) Do not spray a drug continuously to avoid drug resistance. (4) hormone drugs, such as growth agents, inhibitors, swelling agents, etc., try not to spray, if indeed needed, can be accurately used under the guidance of agricultural technicians.

Third, a reasonable watering

After wintering, the tomatoes are planted with water, and the seedlings will be poured every 2 to 3 days. If the seedlings are soaked late, it is too late to scratch and the seedlings will grow tall and bad. The first reminder of fruit water is the most critical one. The water will be drunk early and the head and ears will not grow long; when it is poured late, it will fall into the fall, the upper part of the stem will be weak, and premature aging will occur seriously, that is, vegetative growth. And reproductive growth imbalance. Therefore, the watering time should be 80% in the head and ears or the egg size is appropriate. The cold season is generally not watering, if you need to water, then select a few days of fine weather, small irrigation ditch. After the beginning of spring, the weather gradually warms up, generally pouring water for 15 to 20 days, and pouring it for 7 to 10 days after April.

Fourth, temperature and humidity control

After wintering, if the temperature in the shed is too high after the tomato is planted, care should be taken to reduce the temperature and ventilation. Otherwise, the seedlings are easy to grow, and they can also induce viruses. The temperature is kept around 25°C during the day and around 15°C at night. With the temperature reduction to strengthen the insulation measures, the minimum temperature at night can not be lower than 6 °C, 3 °C ~ 5 °C for a long time will occur cold damage, 0 °C ~ 3 °C will occur frost damage, short-term occurrence of -2 °C will die. The warming of the temperature after the beginning of spring, this is the growth of tomatoes, the temperature should be controlled at about 25 °C during the day, night 13 °C ~ 15 °C. After April, it is necessary to ventilate the upper and lower ventilator to reduce the temperature and prevent the high temperature from burning and burning.

The regulation of humidity is very important during the whole growing period of overwintering tomato. In winter, when there is more hazy weather and less ventilation, more than 90% of humidity easily occurs. No matter high or low temperature, high humidity induces various fungi and bacterial diseases. One of the main reasons. Therefore, the following measures should be strengthened to reduce humidity: (1) The humidity is high after pouring in winter. After exposing in the morning, remove the upper air outlet by 10 to 20 cm and keep it for 10 minutes to facilitate drainage. (2) After pouring the ground, select fine weather, close the upper air inlet at noon, and keep it for 30 minutes so that the temperature is between 30°C and 38°C to vaporize the water, and then let the air exhaust. (3) Select high-quality anti-fog film. (4) Irrigation can be applied under the membrane, and drip irrigation is preferable to reduce the evaporation of moisture. (5) If there is vegetation ash can be spread in big lines, moisture absorption moisture, and other plant ash is a good potash.

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