Wheat scab, also known as rotten wheat head, red wheat head, and wheat withers, is one of the major diseases of wheat. In the rainy and humid climate, the diseased ear can produce pink mold, which is also known as scab due to this characteristic. Wheat scab has occurred in all wheat regions of the country and has been seriously affected by the wet and temperate temperate regions. In recent years, the disease has spread from the Yangtze River and coastal areas to Huanghuai and the northern wheat region. After the occurrence of disease, generally 5% to 15%, and a serious reduction of 20% to 40%, not only affects the yield and quality of wheat, but also contains a variety of toxins in wheat grains, which can cause poisoning in humans and animals, such as vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, etc. Severe carcinogenic, teratogenic and lead to abortion of pregnant women, etc., have a great impact on human health.

First, the symptoms of head blight can infect various parts of wheat, from the seedling stage to the panicle stage can cause disease, causing seedlings, stem base rot, rot and ear rot rot, which ear rot on the impact of the most common and serious wheat . Sprouts usually appear 6 to 10 days after flowering, and the onset of the disease usually occurs during the milk ripening period and stops after the yellow ripening. At the early stage of ear rot, a light brown water-stained spot often appears on the glume of individual spikelets, then diffuses throughout the spikelets, spreads from one spikelet to the surrounding spikelets, and causes the cobs to be grayish or watery. Brownish necrosis, some or all ears withered, forming white spikes. When the humidity is high, a layer of pink mucilage is produced on the edge of the glume or on the base of the spikelet. When the wheat is near mature, it will encounter high temperature and high humidity, and the pink layer will produce small blue particles. Touch it with hands. Prominence can not be erased. The damaged wheat grains shrink, become small, and dry, with a pink mold layer on the surface.

Second, the incidence of conditions The occurrence and prevalence of wheat scab is affected by climatic conditions, the number of bacteria, species and cultivation conditions and other factors. Fusarium head blight to a wide range of temperature adaptation. The optimum temperature for mycelium development is 22°C～28°C, the lowest is 3°C, and the highest is 35°C. The relative humidity of the air is relatively high. The relative humidity of air is more than 80%, and the incidence rate is high. If the relative humidity is lower than 72%, it is generally not affected. Therefore, when the spring is warmer and early, the humidity in the field is high, especially in the years when the wheat blooms in the rain, it is extremely beneficial to the occurrence of head blight. In recent years, the large-scale harvesting of wheat has become more common, and a large number of sicknesses have been left in the fields. In addition, the excessive density of wheat and excessive partial application of nitrogen fertilizer can easily cause the occurrence of wheat scab. If wheat meets with continuous rainy weather for more than 3 days during the period of heading and flowering, the temperature will remain above 15°C, and scab will catch a pandemic.

Third, prevention and control measures should adhere to the "prevention-based, active attack" comprehensive prevention and control strategies.

1. Agricultural control. Sowing timely, formulating fertilization, cultivating strong seedlings, and improving plant resistance to disease. Strengthen field management, rational irrigation, ensure that wheat heading and neat, and shorten the risk of pathogen infection. After wheat is harvested, the fields are cleaned, the wheat straw and wheat bran are taken out of the wheat field, and concentrated or deep-buried, fully decomposed to promote the rot of the diseased body and reduce the source of field bacteria.

2. Chemical control. The appropriate period of control of head blight is the flowering period of wheat. It is necessary to grasp the proper period of prevention and control of wheat flowering and implement the “prevention of one flower, one piece of prevention, and prevention and control of comprehensive use of medicine”. The use of high efficacy, residual effect of long-acting agents, generally mu 50% carbendazim WP 100 grams or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 70 to 100 grams for spraying spray. According to the weather conditions, determine the time and method of drug use. When the heading temperature is high and sunny, if the weather forecast has continuous cloudy rain, the drug should be seized during full heading; if the heading temperature is low and the daily sunshine is less, then the flowering period (5% to 10%) Flowering) medication. After treatment, in case of rainy weather, it should be prevented and treated once every 5 to 7 days to improve the control effect.

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