China is a big country for corn cultivation. There are corn cultivation in various parts of the country. For corn cultivation, many people are concerned about corn production. How can we plant corn and make corn high-yield? Let's see how corn experts do it.
In order to promote the production of summer corn in Hebei Province, the Hebei Maize Industry Technical System and the Hebei Province Maize Expert Advisory Group organized relevant experts to make a comprehensive investigation of the province's production, combined with the growth of the former glutinous wheat and current meteorological conditions. Guideline for the production of summer maize in Hebei Province in 2018, for reference by the agricultural production technical departments of various cities.
1. Use high-yield and early-maturing varieties
The summer sowing area of ​​our province is suitable for promoting "compact, dense, and anti-reverse" types, such as Zhengdan 958, Xianyu 335, Nonghua 816, Zhongke 11, Saitama 86, Nonghua 101, and Agricultural Singles 476.
In areas where grain harvest is directly carried out, it is also necessary to use varieties with relatively mature maturity, such as MC812, Jingnongke 728, Saitama 111, and Early Grain No. 1.
According to the specific ecological conditions and production conditions of different ecological types, the high-yield, dense-tolerant and early-maturing fine maize varieties suitable for local cultivation should be selected.
The seed quality of selected varieties should conform to the national standards, especially in areas where mechanical single-grain sown sowing is used. It is also necessary to pay attention to the selection of seeds with good quality, strong vitality, high bud height and uniformity to ensure single-grained The field emergence rate and seedling uniformity of the block.
2, grab the time and broadcast early
After harvesting wheat, it is necessary to rush to broadcast seeds in time to gain more calorie resources for summer maize growth and development.
Judging from the current situation, the early arrival of dry hot air may lead to early maturity of wheat harvest. It is expected that the sowing date of summer maize will be slightly earlier than normal, which is conducive to the early sowing of summer maize.
Scientifically and rationally allocate wheat harvesting and corn sowing operations, and strive to achieve "the day of harvesting wheat on the same day", "morning harvest in the afternoon", "before the wheat harvested in the front", to minimize the time spent on agriculture.
It is recommended to use large and medium-sized seeding machines for planting operations, and the central and southern regions should try to ensure that the planting is completed before June 15. Areas with wheat field intercropping habits should be changed to mechanical live broadcast as much as possible to ensure the quality of sowing, to prevent uneven seedlings due to inconsistent seeding depth and inconsistent line spacing.
When planting, pay attention to maintaining a safe distance between seeds and fertilizers to prevent burning or burning. When the bottom is insufficient, the montmorillon water should be irrigated as soon as possible after the sowing. The water-saving irrigation technique should be adopted as much as possible to shorten the rotation period and realize early sowing, early irrigation, early germination and early emergence.
3, fine seeding
Pay close attention to the quality of sowing, ensure that all the technical links related to sowing and seedling protection are put in place, so that we can broadcast “Miaoquan, Miaoqi, Miaoyun, Miaozhuang†to ensure the density of seedlings and the uniformity of emergence.
Vigorously promote mechanized precision on-demand technology, improve the field uniformity and emergence uniformity of seedlings, and simplify field management operations such as inter-planting and seedlings.
The operation speed of the planter should be controlled within the safe range of 4 km/h. Avoid high-speed running, avoiding the leakage and lack of seedlings and ridges, especially the use of scoop wheeled planters or wheat fields, and the terrain is uneven. The plot.
4, reasonable close planting
The appropriate planting density is determined by the localities according to the characteristics of the selected varieties and the local ecological conditions and production conditions. The compact and dense-tolerant varieties are generally in the range of 4,000 to 5,000 plants/mu, of which high-yield fields can be controlled at 4,500 to 5,000 plants/mu, and middle-yield fields can be controlled at 4,000 to 4,500 plants/mu.
Generally, the field can be planted in a line spacing of 60 cm. According to the forecast of the meteorological department, there is a lot of rain in the summer of 2018, and the risk of plant lengthening and lodging is increasing. Therefore, reasonable densification must be moderate to prevent the field from falling due to excessive density.
5. Key period water saving irrigation
Up to now, there have been more precipitation in the early wheat areas of the province, and the soil moisture is better, which is conducive to summer corn planting. In the absence of soil moisture after the sowing, the head water should be infused in time.
Under the premise of making full use of natural precipitation during summer maize growth, care should be taken to prevent severe droughts that occur during critical periods, especially during the large flare period and the silking period.
When using corn fields for irrigation, water-saving irrigation should be used as much as possible to reduce water waste and improve water use efficiency. When there is a drought, it is necessary to scientifically and rationally allocate water resources, and give priority to ensuring irrigation in the land during the critical period of water demand.
6, scientific fertilization
Summer corn advocates a fertilization strategy of “sweating of nitrogen and potassium, combining with seed and chasingâ€. On the basis of ensuring the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer application can be applied, and the condition can be applied with 1 to 1.5 kg of zinc fertilizer or manganese sulfate per mu. Potassium fertilizer is suitable for seed fertilizer or early application after sowing. Generally, 15 to 20 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride can be applied per mu.
In the big bell period, 20 to 25 kilograms of urea per mu is applied, and deep application or combined irrigation (or effective rainfall) is applied, and the surface should not be applied. Avoid the application of nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage to prevent excessive elongation of the base stem section and increase the risk of lodging.
In areas where conditions permit, high-gap fertilization machinery, self-propelled small-scale medium-fertilization fertilization machinery or water-fertilizer integration method can be used to improve the efficiency of fertilization, ensure the quality of fertilization, and improve fertilizer efficiency.
7. Strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases
According to the prediction of relevant experts, the occurrence of pests and diseases in corn this summer is biased. Corn borer, cotton bollworm, and larvae may be heavier in some areas; more rain in summer may lead to brown spot disease. Therefore, all localities should pay attention to strengthening the prevention and control of corn pests and diseases.
When adopting post-emergence weeding method, special attention should be paid to the correct choice of herbicide dosage form, concentration, time of use and method of use to avoid herbicide damage.
In the corn seedling stage, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of insect pests such as the larvae and underground pests. In summer, the summer maize should pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases such as rough disease; in the ear stage, attention should be paid to the control of corn mites, cotton bollworms, second-generation armyworms and other insect pests. The occurrence of diseases such as spot disease and small spot disease; attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases such as bacterial wilt, ear rot and grain rot.
8. Appropriate late harvest
Appropriate late harvest can prolong grain filling time, increase grain weight, and increase production and income. The degree of maturity can be judged according to the position of the grain milk line, and the closer the milk line is to the base of the grain, the higher the 1000-grain weight. According to the maturity of the late corn, meteorological conditions and the sowing time of the sown wheat, the suitable harvest time of the corn can be reasonably determined.
The harvest time of summer maize in the province can generally be controlled in early October. Vigorously promote mechanized harvesting operations, in order to effectively achieve the summer crops to increase production and improve labor productivity. Areas with conditions should actively promote the direct harvest of summer maize.
The above is the corn expert's guidance on the technical production of corn in the summer of 2018. So much knowledge fully demonstrates that whether it is corn planting or other planting, we must learn and understand the characteristics of planting crops in order to solve the various problems of corn planting. Kind of problem.
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