1 hanging fruit tree spring management
1.1 In the bud
The Hefei region is in the bud stage in mid-to late March. At this time, there are more rainwater and frequent cold air. It is necessary to do a good job of clearing the water in the field, remove weeds in the field, and create a breeding environment for diseases. In case of dry weather, irrigation should be conducted to keep the soil moist. In case of a temperature below 0°C, the field must be kept warm and smoked.
1.2 Flowering period
(1) At the beginning of April, it was the fruiting period of flowering, followed by applying swelling fertilizer to promote the growth of young fruit. The plant was applied with 250 g of NPK fertilizer, digging holes.
(2) After 7 new leaves were grown on the shoots, they were picked by the method of 'Fei 7 Liu 6'. Six leaves were sufficient to ensure fruit growth.
(3) From the end of April to the beginning of May, when the mulberry fruit is about to mature, the denser leaves in the middle and lower parts of the shoots should be properly removed to facilitate ventilation and increase the sugar content of the fruit.
1.3 Pest Control
In the Hefei area, the main diseases and pests of the fruit mulberry are Sclerotinia and Sangcaeng. In case of drought, local spider mites may occur. Adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures combining agricultural control, physical control and chemical control. Fruit mulberry sclerotinia is commonly known as ginkgo disease. It is one of the major diseases that damage fruit mulberry. It mainly damages mulberry fruit and causes sclerotia to overwinter. The sclerotia fall down with the mulberry, and in the early April of the following year, the mulberry blossoms have more rain, large temperature difference between day and night, relatively high relative humidity, suitable for sclerotial growth, sclerotia in the soil through the sun, pumping of the ascitium plate and ascospores, spores The invasive mulberry flower propagates along with the wind and then harms the fruits. If the prevention and treatment are not strengthened, the yield and quality of the fruit mulberry will be affected, and the granules will be seriously rejected.
1.3.1 Agricultural Prevention and Control
(1) Sparse as much as possible, increase ventilation and light transmission, reduce humidity, and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
(2) The ditching and dehumidification will make the internal and external ditch of the fruit mulberry garden unblocked, guarantee the rain to stop dry, reduce the humidity in the field, and reduce the breeding opportunities of the germs.
(3) Plowing and purifying gardens, clearing dead branches and leaves in the garden in winter, and burning in time; plowing and weeding, burying sclerotia.
(4) The combination of winter pruning, spring buns and the harvesting of the results leaves the mulberry gardens air and light, improves disease resistance, and is conducive to chemical control.
(5) If it is found that the Mulberry has harmed the branches, the larvae can be controlled by methods such as boring hole injection or drug sticking, and the adult can be captured manually.
(6) After pruning the garden in winter, the tree trunk is smeared with lime sulfur, and lime is applied to the tree tray to reduce the germ propagation.
1.3.2 Physical control In the pre-germination stage, colored ground film is laid on the ground to prevent contact between underground spores and fruits, and it is particularly effective in the recurrence area of ​​ginkgo disease.
1.3.3 Chemical control Chemical control should adopt high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides to prevent and control them thoroughly. The first medication was given in mid-March, and about 7 days before sprouting, spraying potassium permanganate 1500 mg/l to fully spray the tree branches and ground. The second time the sorghum sprouted in late March, a full 50% carbendazim WP 600 mg/l was sprayed on the trees and the ground. The third flowering period in mid-April, this time is the key to disease prevention. Spray 80% Dasheng M-45 WP 1000 mg/L on trees and ground. Afterwards, bactericides such as carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl were alternately used and sprayed once every 7 days. If rainy days occur during spraying, the rain shall be sprayed with pesticide immediately after the branches are stopped. Found that the disease should be promptly removed, brought out deep outside the park. If the ground film is covered on the ground, it must be sprayed on the surface once again.
2 picking sales
The maturity of fruit picking is appropriate for eight maturity, which can extend the shelf life. Mulberry fruit should be harvested in batches. The general picking period is about 25 days. Mulberry has high nutritional value, but it is not resistant to storage and transportation. Picking can be picked by hand. In early May, when the mulberry had just turned red and was bright and bright, it showed that the mulberry has matured (white jade king, Korea white pearl fruit milky fruit and Taiwan long fruit mulberry fruit from green to red show that the fruit is ripe), should be promptly collected in the early morning Close, pay attention to gently, do not break the skin, use a small plastic box to pick up the packaging, about 300 grams per box, and then into the fruit basket, generally weighing 10 to 15 kilograms per basket. Do not overweight to prevent crushing each other.
3 post-harvest management
3.1 Summer Harvest
Immediately after the fruit is harvested, it is harvested as soon as possible. The sooner the better, the thicker the branches are, and the rich and full flower buds.
During the first year of summer harvesting, cuttings were cut and dried from 60 to 70 cm above the ground. Each plant was selected from the main trunk to have 4 to 6 branches distributed on the upper and lower positions, and the rest were cut. After germination, 4 to 5 buds are reserved for each branch, and the rest are sparse.
In the second year of the summer harvest, the tree shape was determined by cutting 80 to 90 cm from the ground, and a boxing form was formed.
3.2 Thinning
After 15 to 20 days after the summer harvest, germination begins. When the new shoots are 20 to 30 cm, the buds are left to leave, thinning and wetting branches, drooping branches, diseased and broken branches, over dense branches, and undergrowth branches of the main trunk are removed. Each branch stem is retained at most. 5 shoots, after the 2nd to 3rd drying, no more than 30 shoots per plant.
3.3 Field Management
After the summer harvest, the main tasks of field management were pest control, field weeding and topdressing.
(1) After the summer harvest, the new shoots just germinate. If there are pests and other pests feeding, it will affect the rapid growth of new shoots, and affect the yield and quality of the following year. The whole tree has no buds and the tree is dead. The tree body can be sprayed with 2.0% kung permethrin 1000-fold (or 40% chlorpyrifos 1200-fold) and then sprayed every 20 days or so.
(2) Before and after the summer cutting, the entire park performed a weeding operation. The rapid growth of weeds after the summer mulberry tree saw a rapid growth of the weeds, which affected the growth of the mulberry trees. Weeding can be done by chemical or artificial weeding and glyphosate for chemical weeding. However, when weeding weedicides, it is necessary to prevent the sprays from spraying on the trees to cause injury.
(3) Cannot immediately apply fertilizer after summer harvest, otherwise it is easy to cause new branches to be jointed too quickly, which will easily lead to lodging of branches and flower buds, which will seriously affect the output in the second year. When the shoots grow to more than 1 meter, the branches are fully lignified and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied in about 150 grams, depending on the tree vigor. The tree vigor is weak and the tree vigor is less.
4 autumn fertilization
The basal fertilizer was started in mid-to-late October to allow the trees to accumulate sufficient nutrients for safe wintering. Application of commercial organic fertilizer or rotten farmyard fertilizer (such as chicken manure, pig manure, etc.) 10 kg + NPK compound fertilizer 250 g + superphosphate (or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer) 250 grams.
5 winter shears
Fruit mulberry winter pruning adopts the principle of “mainly shearing, supplementing branchesâ€. Fully concentrate on nutrients to increase production and quality of the following year. During winter cutting, the dense shoots, diseased shoots, drooping shoots, and thin and weak branches of the internal warts were removed. In the first year and the second year, the young shoots at the tips of the shoots were cut 15 to 20 centimeters, and were sheared after the third year. Go to the tips of shoots 30 to 40 cm at the top of the shoots.
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