Because cows produce a lot of heat energy during rumen fermentation and milk production, combined with physiological reasons such as underdeveloped cow sweat gland and small heat dissipation area per unit, it determines the cold and heat-resistant production performance of dairy cows. Therefore, to ensure higher milk yield in dairy cows in summer, the impact of high temperature in summer on dairy cows should be reduced, and the scientific feeding management of summer dairy cows should be emphasized.
Adjust the feed formula to meet the nutritional needs of dairy cows in summer
It is best to supply fresh and clean drinking water, and the summer temperature is high. To ensure sufficient supply of fresh drinking water, the amount of drinking water can be supplied 3 to 5 times of the milk production. Under heat stress conditions, a sufficient amount of clean drinking water containing 0.1% to 0.5% of potassium chloride (sodium) should be supplied.
Adjusting the proportion of fine raw materials due to the high temperature, the feed intake of dairy cows is significantly reduced. In order to ensure that cows eat enough nutrients to meet the needs of lactation, the proportion of concentrate in the diet should be appropriately increased, but the dry matter of concentrates is dry. The ratio of substances should not exceed 65%. In order to prevent the rumen pH value caused by high concentrate, the concentrate may be added with 1.4%~3% sodium bicarbonate or 0.6%~0.8% magnesium oxide as a buffer.
Increasing dietary energy levels Under high temperature conditions, high-yield dairy cows need to increase energy by 3% for every 1°C increase in temperature. Feeding whole cotton or whole soybeans is often used to increase dietary levels. The maximum limit for cottonseed and raw soybeans is 3 kg and 2.2 kg per day, respectively.
Increasing the dietary protein level of dietary protein content by 6 to 8 percentage points is appropriate. If the amount is too much, the excess protein is deaminated to supply energy, and the increase of "heat increase" will further aggravate heat stress.
Note that vitamin A and mineral supplements increase the consumption of vitamin A under heat stress, and the vitamin A content in dairy cow diet should be doubled than normal. In addition, since sodium, potassium, magnesium and other ions increase with the amount of sweat discharged, attention should be paid to appropriate supplementation.
Adjusting the feeding time is to slow down the effect of heat on the feed intake of dairy cows, and can appropriately extend the feeding time and increase the feeding frequency from 3 times to 4 times (once at night). The amount of nighttime feeding of dairy cows should account for more than 60% of the diet. In particular, roughage should be arranged between 20 and 5 at 5 o'clock.
Strengthen daily feeding management to ensure cows' summer sanitation
To improve the barn and sports field microclimate summer, it is necessary to open all the doors and windows of the barn in the morning and evening to keep the barn ventilated and dry. Shade the trees or set up the pergola around the barn and the playground. If necessary, add a sunshade net to reduce the direct sunlight and let the cows rest. Install an exhaust fan on the north wall of the barn or install a fan in the barn (3 to 5 heads) and install a high-pressure spray cooling device to reduce the room temperature by 2 ° C ~ 3 ° C. Rinse and brush the bovine body with water every day to facilitate heat dissipation.
Adjusting the exercise time When the weather is fine, the daytime exercise time of the cattle should be reduced, especially to avoid driving the cattle into the playground at noon and afternoon. Usually, the cattle are driven into the stadium after 6 pm and at night.
Strengthen the cleaning and disinfection of the trough and the drinking pool. The summer temperature is high, and the feed residue in the trough is prone to spoilage and deterioration, which may cause food poisoning. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the trough and the drinking pool cleaned every day and disinfect them regularly.
Do a good job in environmental sanitation, prevent disease, summer mosquitoes and more, not only interfere with the rest of the cows, but also easily spread the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly spray the barn and the environment with 1% to 1.5% of trichlorfon or enemy killing liquid. Timely prevention of mastitis, metritis, rot rot disease and epidemic fever. The cow's nipple is washed with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite or 0.5% iodophor solution after each milking. The genital organs of postpartum cows should be checked frequently and the disease should be treated promptly. Adopting these measures will reduce the incidence of dairy disease.
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