At present, the market for sweet corn is getting better and better, and the planting area is also expanding. However, how to maximize your own income, we must master the cultivation technology of sweet corn. Let's take a look at the high-yield cultivation method of sweet corn together with Xiaobian.
Cultivation method
1.1 Selection
The following factors should be considered in the selection of sweet corn varieties: First, sweet corn varieties should have various potentials. Second, suitable for harvesting sweet corn, the grain hardness is suitable, the flavor is pure, the texture is soft, and the seed coat is thin. Third, the ears are even, the leaves are not pointed, firm and full, the seeds are arranged neatly, and the cob is preferably white. Fourth, the growth period is suitable, the seed germination rate is high, and the arching ability is strong.
1.2 Site selection
Choose a field with a flat terrain and a high ground temperature. It should not be planted in low-lying, easy-to-salt and saline-alkali plots. There must be some space separation from other corns of the same growth period. Because the sweet corn is crossed by the pollen of ordinary corn, the grain will deteriorate, become hard and the amount of sugar will decrease, the nutrients will decrease, and the sweetness of sweet corn will be lost. Sweet corn should be isolated from normal corn or other types of sweet corn when planted to prevent smashing.
1.3 Sowing date
If a large area of ​​disposable seeding will not cause a backlog if it is too late to be listed and processed, effective measures must be taken to adjust the harvest time. The general principle is that long-term adjustment depends on the variety, and short-term adjustment depends on the sowing date. That is, the time adjustment of the first degree is solved by the varieties of different growth periods, and the adjustment of the shorter time can be done by the wrong seeding of the same variety.
1.4 Seeding techniques and planting density
Sweet corn has weak germination power, poor arch soil strength, and high requirements on soil temperature and temperature. Too low a soil temperature can easily cause rotten species and three types of seedlings. Super-sweet corn can be properly seeded when the soil temperature near the ground is stable above 12 °C. The requirements for ordinary sweet corn for soil temperature can be lower. Due to the poor ability of sweet corn arch soil, the soil should not be too thick, the spring sowing is 2~3 cm, and the summer sowing is 1~2 cm. Sweet corn plants are short, have a short growth period, and are suitable for dense planting. Early-maturing varieties are generally suitable for about 525,000 to 60,000 plants per hectare, and the suitable density for late-maturing varieties can be about 52,500 plants/ha. Due to the different uses of sweet corn, the planting density of the same variety is different. For example, when fresh ear is listed or processed for fresh corn ear, it should be properly planted so that large ears can be obtained. When harvesting grain or wishing to obtain smaller or more ear numbers, it should be properly densely planted. Commercially, the requirements for fresh corn ears are not as large as possible.
1.5 Fertilization
Sweet corn has a short growth period, rapid development in the early stage, and short growth time in the later stage. This characteristic determines its fertilization characteristics. The principle of total fertilization is: the base fertilizer is mainly based on farmyard manure, the base fertilizer is applied again, the early topdressing is applied, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used together. The use of farmyard manure as a base fertilizer can promote the early growth of sweet corn. The full-price nutrition provided by farmyard manure can greatly improve the quality of sweet corn and improve the resistance to drought, leeches and diseases. Generally, the soil with medium and high fertility is 75 tons per hectare. Each hectare is applied with 150-225 kg of diammonium phosphate and 112.5 kg of potassium sulfate as seed fertilizer. The application of 375 kg of ammonium nitrate per hectare can meet the needs of sweet corn during the whole growth period. It can also be applied once and no longer topdressing.
2. Sweet corn cultivation method
2.1 Seedling early planting technology
In the early spring, the sheds are used for seedlings. When the seedlings grow to 4~5 leaves, they are transplanted on the ridges where the mulch has been buried before the night cream. The method can achieve the effect similar to a small arch shed, and saves labor, saves trouble, and has low cost, and the transplanted corn is developed due to the developed root system.
2.2 Plastic film mulching cultivation
The mulch covered sweet corn can be marketed 10 days earlier than bare corn. You can use ordinary covering method, you can also use large ridges and double rows. You can plant early spring vegetables between rows, and squat multiple kinds of vegetables with short growth period such as cabbage, radish and early-maturing oil beans. The economic benefits of sweet corn can be increased by more than 30% compared to bare ground cultivation.
The specific method is: autumn to turn the ground, autumn ridge, autumn and fertilizer. Or turn over the ground in autumn, spring ridges, spring apply fertilizer. Sowing in early April, ditching on-demand, 2~3 seeds per hole. Fertilizers are used as seed fertilizers. 150-225 kilograms of diammonium phosphate per hectare and 112.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate are used as seed fertilizers. The application of 375 kilograms of ammonium nitrate per hectare can meet the needs of fertilizers for the whole growth period of sweet corn. Fertilizers can also be placed in a single dose at the time of sowing. Fertilizer is applied between the two points to avoid burning. The thickness of the covering soil is 2~3 cm. After leveling, the herbicide is sprayed and finally coated. When the seedlings grow to about 3 leaves, the membrane is introduced. When the seedlings grow to 4~5 leaves, they will be fixed. The top dressing time should be earlier than the ordinary corn, just before the big bell period after the jointing.
3. Harvesting
The requirements for harvesting sweet corn are very strict, and the harvest time will directly affect the quality of fresh spikes and processed products.
Prematurely harvested seeds have less dry matter and low nutrient content; while late in the day, although the dry matter content is high, the sugar content is low, the skin is thick, the palatability is poor, and the processing quality is degraded. Suitable harvesting times vary depending on the type of sweet corn, the level of cultivation technology, the climatic conditions, and the type of processed product. Ordinary sweet corn is suitable for harvesting for a short period of time, usually 1~2 days; super sweet corn is suitable for long harvesting, which can reach 3~5 days.
The above is the full content of high-yield cultivation techniques for sweet corn. Farmers who want to grow sweet corn can quickly come to Huinong.com.
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