In order to make a large amount of land suitable for planting, afforestation and land preparation is a prerequisite for artificially improving the soil environment, seed germination and creating a good growing environment. Brown soil is the main forestry soil in Shanxi Province, with an area of ​​3.147 million mu. It mainly distributes secondary forests or residual forest areas in the Zhongshan Mountains of Wutai, Taihang, Luliang, Taiyue and Zhongtiao. It is a soil developed by coniferous forest or coniferous broad-leaved forest. The elevation is increased from south to north. It is widely distributed in the 1700~2400m Zhongshan shady slope or semi-sunny slope. The upper limit is connected to the mountain meadow soil and the leaching is exhausted. The main vegetations include saplings such as spruce, Chinese pine, larch, and arborvitae. The shrubs are mainly forsythia, cloves, branches and yellow thorns, as well as herbaceous plants such as moss, sedge, lichens and moss. There are thick litter layers on the surface, due to lack of sunlight in the forest, and high temperature and rain in summer. The environment is frozen in winter, the decomposition is slow, the organic matter accumulates a lot, and the organic matter content of the humus layer is 7~15%. Long-term accumulation of water in the soil, the soil is fully leached, the chlorate salt penetrates into the soil bottom layer with water, and the infiltrated ketal acid salt is reduced to gelatin and uric acid, resulting in brown, due to a large number of bases. When leached, the excess organic acid appears in a free state, making the soil slightly acidic. Poor site conditions. For this reason, land preparation is an indispensable step and a particularly important technical measure before artificial afforestation.
2 specific implementation of afforestation and land preparation
(1) There are usually stones, weeds and other debris on the general land. After the land preparation, the debris is completely removed, the soil is loose, fully exposed to sunlight, and the surface temperature and low temperature gradually rise, which makes the spring soil thaw early, which is very beneficial for seed germination and seedling growth.
(2) Increase the average water content of the land by artificial water storage. After the land was completely cleaned and ploughed, the land became sparse and loose, the permeability was strong, the roughness of the land surface increased, and the water storage capacity was increased.
(3) Using local soil replacement and land preparation to change the soil properties of the afforestation land and create an environment in which the seedlings are more suitable for growth.
(4) Increase nutrients and organic matter in the soil by ripening the land. The quality of afforestation and land preparation will have a direct impact on afforestation. If the quality of the land preparation is high, the seed survival rate is high, so it is necessary to pay attention to the technical level and requirements in the afforestation and land preparation.
3 Application of afforestation in practice
It is necessary to clarify the methods of afforestation and master the techniques of afforestation to achieve sufficient effects on the entire ecological environment.
(1) Live afforestation method: The technique of seeding and then afforesting the seeds of trees. The advantage of using this technique to afforest is that the method is easy and the procedure for cultivating the seedlings is saved. Very suitable for use in larger areas. However, this is a relatively high requirement for the innate environment of the soil, and it is also required for the protection of the seedlings. Therefore, land preparation must be done before planting to improve soil quality. The general methods of live afforestation include: spreading, hole broadcasting, block broadcasting and spreading. However, the seeds used for live afforestation must be subjected to disinfection, germination and other processes, so as to ensure the effectiveness of spring sowing, in order to achieve rapid growth of seedlings, enhanced drought resistance and reduce the harm of birds and beasts. This technique is also called seeding afforestation.
(2) Planting and afforestation method: It is a technique for afforestation using a root-seedling seedling as a carrier. The quality of all aspects of this technology is excellent, the land requirements are not high, the environmental resistance is strong, and the growth of seedlings is strong and stable. Therefore, using this technology, the requirements for the land itself are not strict. However, it should be noted that when using the seedling afforestation technology, it should be noted that the roots of the seedlings are likely to be crushed, damaged, or dehydrated, so in the process of cultivation, it is necessary to do fine, and also for the seedlings. Cultivate. Because seedling afforestation has fewer restrictions on various factors, it is the most widely used technology in the current environment. Also known as afforestation, planting and afforestation.
(3) Colonization and afforestation method: It is a technique that uses a branch, a root, and the like of a tree to use it as a material for afforestation. This technology can fundamentally eliminate the time and expense of cultivating seedlings. The operation is simple, the technology is easy, and the survival rate of the seedlings is also high. Young trees grow very fast in the early stages and maintain their original excellent genetic properties. However, it is limited to the better afforestation land, and it is also limited by the concentration of several trees and the number of mothers. For this reason, this type of technology is suitable for the number of trees that need vegetative reproduction. For example, poplar, willow, pine, paulownia and bamboo.
(4) Afforestation: refers to the method of afforestation directly using the seedlings. The root-shooting ability of seabuckthorn is very strong, and there are many natural root seedlings. Especially after Pingyi, each acre can produce more than 5000-11,000 root seedlings, which produces a large number of seedlings that can distinguish between male and female. This type of method is used by many places where seabuckthorn is planted. The specific practice method is to use the roots of the seabuckthorn forest to excavate the tiller seedlings in the appropriate season, and then transport them to the forest farm for afforestation. When planting, pay attention to the root system and cover the soil, so as to ensure the growth of the seedlings.
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