Currently, using a microchip device with a USB plug for DNA testing, you can find out if you have a disease risk gene in just 30 minutes, and the price is as low as $20. This type of microchip is called a "chip lab."
Traditional DNA analysis is carried out in the laboratory, with specialized equipment and expertise, and the results are available in a few weeks, at a very high price. Chris Tumazzo, a professor at Imperial College London and director of the Biomimetic Technology Center, combines electronics, biology, genetics and medical care with a tiny chip lab, bringing a wealth of innovative applications that are growing rapidly. The multi-billion dollar personalized medical field also has great potential.
Multi-function dedicated chip
Each chip lab has a genetic sequence taken from a person who is predisposed to a disease to identify people who can match the gene. Each chip has its own function but has its own purpose, such as a chip that can detect if someone is at risk for type 2 diabetes, and another chip that can find someone with a heart disease risk gene. The test only needs to provide a DNA sample, wipe the sample with saliva or mouth, infiltrate it into a series of fine semiconductor chips, and then complete the complex test through the programmed program.
If the original gene sequence in the sample and the chip match, that is, the nucleotide of the subject gene is paired with the chip-embedded gene and combined to release hydrogen ions, the chip will produce the subject suffering from or susceptible to the disease. Signal; if the nucleotides are not bound, they will not release hydrogen ions and signal that they are not or are not susceptible to the disease.
Tumazzo explained: “There is a 0.1% genetic difference between people. Every time you do a genetic test, you may find some new differences. These differences are caused by genetic mutations, and sometimes we use these mutations to make chips. Built-in sequence in."
The lab is easy to carry, even in outpatient clinics or in remote locations where medical facilities are lacking. Even in the patient's home, you can get the results by plugging the chip into a tablet or similar device. More importantly, the chip can display a variety of genetic diseases that a person is susceptible to, such as type 2 diabetes, allergies to certain drugs.
In 2014, Tumazzo was awarded the title of “Inventor of the Year†by the European Patent Office. This technology is expected to be popularized throughout the public health field, thus shifting the focus of medicine from treatment to early prevention.
"Build" personalized solution
Using genetic testing technology, doctors can not only develop personalized treatment plans based on different characteristics of people, but also give preventive advice in advance. If the test results show that someone is susceptible to a disease, this does not mean that he will definitely get the disease. It just provides some knowledge to change their lifestyle and minimize the risk of future illness. Predicting disease is only a small part of the potential of this technology. In addition, the lab can determine which drugs to use based on the genetic characteristics of different patients, and how many doses are most effective.
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