According to the Bund Pictorial, an unconventional neuroscientist believes that he has deciphered the code that the brain forms long-term memory.

Theodore Berger is a biomedical engineer and neuroscientist at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. He envisages that in the near future, patients with severe amnesia can get help by implanting electronic chips. When people's brains are damaged by Alzheimer's disease, stroke or injury, disturbed neural networks often prevent long-term memory formation. For more than two decades, Berger has been designing silicon chips to simulate signal transmission between normally working neurons. It reminds us of more than a minute of experience and knowledge. Berger hopes that the ability to restore long-term memory can be achieved by implanting such a chip in the brain.

Berger said that the idea was so daring that many colleagues who were not in the mainstream of neuroscience saw him as a madman. “A long time ago, they said that I was a madman.” However, in view of the recent successful experiments conducted by his research team and several close collaborators, Berger is getting rid of the label of “madman” and is gradually being treated as one. A pioneer of vision.

Berger and his research partners have not yet conducted human trials, but their experiments have shown that silicon chips connected to the rat brain and monkey brain through external electrodes can process information like real neurons. "We are not importing personal memories into the brain. We are rebuilding the ability to produce memories." Last fall, they released an impressive experiment. Berger and his colleagues have shown that they can also help monkeys retrieve those memories from the long-term memory storage area of ​​the brain.

If “memory implants” sound a bit unreliable, Berger will use some of the latest advances in neuroprostheses as examples. Now, by implanting a cochlear implant, more than 200,000 people can convert sound into electrical signals and send them to the auditory nerve. At the same time, early experiments have shown that implanting the electrodes also allows the squatting person to move the prosthesis to his or her will. In addition, researchers have achieved initial success in applying artificial retina to blind people.

Still, restoring cognition in the brain is much more difficult than any of the above. For the past 35 years, Berger has been trying to fundamentally understand how neurons in the hippocampus behave because this area is considered to be the area that forms memory. “This is very clear,” he said. “The hippocampus makes short-term memory a long-term memory.”

How does the hippocampus complete this complex feat? Berger developed mathematical theorems to describe how electrical signals are transmitted between neurons in the hippocampus to form long-term memories. He has proved that his equation is consistent with reality. "You don't need to do all the things the brain does, but can you at least imitate something the brain does?" he asked. "Can you simulate it and put it into a device? Can you plant this device?" Into any brain? These three questions lead people to think that I am crazy. In fact, they think it is very difficult to achieve."

Decoding of memory code

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