Scientists use a microchip as a "disorder training ground" for cells, revealing how cell deformation can turn a tumor from benign to an aggressive malignant tumor. Related papers were published in the recent issue of Nature Materials.

Release date: 2014-08-29

Can be used to design treatments to prevent tumor cells from becoming benign to malignant

Scientists use a microchip as a "disorder training ground" for cells, revealing how cell deformation can turn a tumor from benign to an aggressive malignant tumor. Related papers were published in the recent issue of Nature Materials.

During epithelial-interstitial transformation (EMT), epithelial cells stick to internal tissues and become interstitial cells for diffusion and migration. This process is advantageous during the embryonic phase, allowing cells to move throughout the embryo and establish various tissues. Recently, researchers have suggested that EMT may also play a role in cancer metastasis, allowing cancer cells to detach from the tumor and transfer to other organs in the distance to open up new "colonies."

“People are interested in how EMT works and how it relates to tumor expansion, but no one knows how this happened.” The first author of the paper, Associate Professor of Brown Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Center, Massachusetts Wang Yien, a postdoctoral researcher at the General Hospital, said.

According to a recent report by physicists, in order to understand how cancer cells move, researchers used microelectronics to create a PDMS chip consisting of a micro-column array covered by a chassis of about half a millimeter square. It is 10 microns in diameter and 10 microns apart, allowing only cells to pass through. Using microscopy and time-lapse photography, the researchers looked at how the cells passed through the chip.

"Basically, it's like a cell barrier training ground. The size and space of these columns are strictly controlled." Wang Yien said, "We can track each cell and statistically analyze it by cell movement and classify them."

In the experiment, the researchers started with a benign cancer cell (the epithelial cells began to express a specific protein) and then used chemicals to induce the cells to become malignant and interstitial. When all the cells have completed the transformation, they are free to move on the “disaster training ground”. Experiments have shown that cells exhibit two modes of motion: most cells move slowly with other cells in the population, and a few cells are separated from large forces and quickly cover larger areas.

“When cells migrate, EMT allows cancer cells to escalate and turn them from 'economic cars' to fast 'sports cars.'” Wang Yien said, “Our technology can track thousands of 'cars' at the same time, in a congested economy car. In the traffic, some 'sports cars' will go all the way forward, and other 'sports cars' will take a different path and detour." About 84% of the cells will stay together and slowly advance on the chip chassis; the other 16% of the cells Will run to the front and quickly pass through the chassis. Even more surprising, those cells that were to be in the population began to express epithelial proteins again, suggesting that they have returned to epithelial cell type again.

Wang Yien also pointed out: "According to this discovery, people can design a meaningful treatment strategy and develop a drug that can restore the mesenchymal cell 'sports car' to the epithelial cell 'economic car', so that they can not be moved together. It is impossible to invade surrounding tissues. In addition, the technique of this experiment can also be used to test anti-migration drugs in the early stage.

Source: Technology Daily

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