Molecular biologist Greg Hannon was surprised and inspired when he first flew over the tumor. Using a virtual reality (VR) model, Hannon and his colleagues at the University of Cambridge in the UK flew into the blood vessels, examined the infiltrating immune cells, and gave birth to an idea for an unprecedented tumor map--constructing a three-dimensional tumor map model with VR technology. . "God!" Whenever he recalls, "This will be amazing."
On February 10th, the London-based British Charity Cancer Institute announced that a team of molecular biologists, astronomers and game designers led by Hannon will receive up to 20 million pounds ($25 million) in the next five years to develop the breast. Interactive virtual reality map of cancer. The tumor that Hannon flies is just a physical model. The real model will include data expressed by thousands of genes and dozens of proteins in each cell of the tumor. It is hoped that this three-dimensional and functionally detailed model will reveal more relevant factors that influence the response of tumors to treatment.
The British Cancer Institute has awarded another team up to £16 million to produce a similar tumor map that will focus on metabolites and proteins. Later this year, the National Institute of Mental Health will announce the winners of a mouse brain study with a special molecular network. On February 23-24, researchers will gather at Stanford University in California to continue planning human cell maps, trying to complete the map of every cell in the body.
Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library
1 single cell map
“This is a very hot topic,†says Ido Amit, who studies the genomics of the immune system at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. In the past few years, researchers have invented technology that allows them to sequence complete RNAs in a single cell, tens of thousands. These RNAs can reveal which genes are expressed and provide clues about the unique functions of cells in organs or tumors.
But this sequencing method usually requires first separating the cells from the tissue in which they live. This destroys information about where the cells are and which neighboring cells they interact with, and this information may provide clues about the new function of the cell and how it can go wrong in the diseased tissue.
Nicola Crosetto, a molecular biologist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, said: "The use of single-cell sequencing technology is exciting and promising, but when we think about cancer and complex physiological tissues, we need to be able to put this information in a three-dimensional context. "
Such technology is emerging. On February 6, Amit and Shalev Itzkovitz of the Weizmann Institute reported that they had created a cell map of the mouse hepatic lobules and completed the RNA sequence from each cell. The hepatic lobules are usually divided into multiple layers, and the team found a unique pattern of gene expression in cells at the interface between the two layers. “This organizational area is more than just a transition zone. It is a new area with designated functions,†says Itzkovitz.
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